Modern History Years — Set 2

Correct Answer: A. 1906

• **1906** = The All-India Muslim League was founded in Dacca. • **1906** — The Muslim League was established to protect the political rights of Muslims in India and played a significant role in the later developments leading to the creation of Pakistan. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Option B] 1905: This was the year of the Partition of Bengal; [Option C] 1909: This was the year of the Morley-Minto Reforms; [Option D] 1916: This was the year of the Lucknow Pact.

Correct Answer: D. 1909

• **Morley-Minto Reforms** = These reforms introduced separate electorates for Muslims. • **1909** — Part of the Indian Councils Act of 1909, these reforms aimed to provide limited representation to Indians and are often viewed as a milestone in the 'divide and rule' policy. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Option A] 1905: This was the year of the Partition of Bengal; [Option B] 1935: This was the year of the Government of India Act of 1935; [Option C] 1919: This was the year of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.

Correct Answer: A. 1911

• **1911** = The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. • **1911** — King George V announced the shift during the Delhi Durbar, intending to provide a more central location for administration, with New Delhi eventually inaugurated in 1931. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Option B] 1905: This was the year of the Partition of Bengal; [Option C] 1912: While the actual construction began around this time, the announcement and decision were in 1911; [Option D] 1921: This year is not directly related to the capital shift announcement.

Correct Answer: D. 1915

• **1915** = Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. • **January 9, 1915** — Celebrated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, Gandhi returned after 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his philosophy of Satyagraha. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Option A] 1914: This year saw the outbreak of World War I; [Option B] 1917: This was the year of Gandhi's Champaran Satyagraha; [Option C] 1916: This was the year Gandhi established the Sabarmati Ashram and the Lucknow Pact was signed.

Correct Answer: A. 1916

• **Lucknow Pact** = This landmark agreement was signed between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. • **1916** — It marked a period of rare unity, with both organizations presenting a joint set of demands for political reforms to the British government. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Option B] 1915: This was the year Mahatma Gandhi returned to India; [Option C] 1911: This was the year the capital was shifted to Delhi and the Partition of Bengal was annulled; [Option D] 1919: This was the year of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms.

Correct Answer: D. 1919

• **1919** = The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on April 13, when British troops opened fire on a peaceful gathering in Amritsar. • **April 13, 1919** — General Dyer ordered British troops to open fire, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [1917]: This year preceded the massacre; [1918]: The First World War ended this year, not associated with the massacre; [1920]: This year saw the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement, which was a response to events like Jallianwala Bagh.

Correct Answer: A. 1920

• **1920** = The Non-Cooperation Movement was officially launched by Mahatma Gandhi in this year. • **August 1920** — The movement began to protest the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh incident. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [1919]: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred, which was a cause for the movement; [1921]: The movement was already underway, gaining momentum; [1922]: The movement was suspended due to the Chauri Chaura incident.

Correct Answer: D. 1922

• **1922** = The Chauri Chaura incident occurred in this year, leading to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement. • **February 1922** — A mob set fire to a police station in Gorakhpur, which led Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [1920]: Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in this year; [1921]: The Non-Cooperation Movement was active but the Chauri Chaura incident had not yet occurred; [1923]: This year was after the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Correct Answer: A. 1927

• **1927** = The Simon Commission was appointed in this year by the British government to review the 1919 reforms. • **1928** — The commission arrived in India and was met with boycotts due to its lack of Indian members. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [1928]: The commission arrived in India this year, but was appointed in the previous year; [1929]: The Purna Swaraj declaration was made this year at the Lahore session of INC; [1930]: The Dandi March and Civil Disobedience Movement began this year.

Correct Answer: A. 1929

• **1929** = The 'Purna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) declaration was made at the Lahore session of INC in this year. • **December 1929** — The declaration was passed under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, proclaiming January 26, 1930, as Independence Day. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [1928]: The Simon Commission arrived in India this year; [1930]: This was the year January 26 was first celebrated as Independence Day, not when the declaration was made; [1931]: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed this year.