India Growth & Key Indicators
Economy Advanced · भारत की वृद्धि और मुख्य संकेतक
📋Quick Overview
Competitive exams frequently ask about India's rankings in global indices like HDI, GHI, GII, and Ease of Doing Business. These indices measure different dimensions of human welfare, economic competitiveness, and government effectiveness. India has improved significantly in several indices post-2014, especially in Innovation Index and Ease of Doing Business, while HDI and hunger rankings remain a concern.
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HDI 2023: India ranked 134/193 (UNDP). GHI 2023: India ranked 105/127 (International Food Policy Research Institute). India's rank in Global Innovation Index 2023 = 40/132 (World Intellectual Property Organization). Ease of Doing Business was discontinued by World Bank after 2021.
📖Key Global Indices — India's Rankings
| Index | Published by | India's Rank | What it Measures |
|---|---|---|---|
| HDI (Human Development Index) | UNDP | 134/193 (2023) | Health + Education + Income (3 dimensions) |
| GHI (Global Hunger Index) | IFPRI + Concern Worldwide | 105/127 (2023) | Undernourishment + Child wasting + Child stunting + Child mortality |
| Global Innovation Index (GII) | WIPO | 40/132 (2023) | Innovation inputs + outputs; R&D, infrastructure, education |
| Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) | World Bank | 63/190 (2020, last ranking) | Regulatory environment for businesses; discontinued after 2021 |
| Global Competitiveness Index | World Economic Forum (WEF) | 40/141 (2019) | Economic competitiveness, institutions, infrastructure, innovation |
| Press Freedom Index | RSF (Reporters Sans Frontières) | 161/180 (2023) | Press freedom, journalist safety |
📖HDI — Three Dimensions Explained
| Dimension | Indicator | India's Performance |
|---|---|---|
| Health | Life expectancy at birth | ~70 years (improving but below world average of ~73) |
| Education | Mean + Expected years of schooling | Mean = 6.7 years; Expected = 12.6 years (low mean is drag) |
| Income | GNI per capita (PPP, 2017 $) | ~$6,951 (PPP) — below world average |
- •India's GDP growth trajectory: Hindu Rate of Growth (~3.5%, 1950s-80s) → Post-reform 6-7% (1990s-2000s) → 7-8% (2014 onwards)
- •Per capita income (nominal) = ~$2,500 (2024); Per capita PPP = ~$9,000+ (2024); India still lower-middle income country by World Bank
- •Unemployment rate (PLFS data): ~7-8% overall; LFPR (Labour Force Participation Rate) ~57% — low female LFPR (~25%) is a concern