India Growth & Key Indicators
Economy Advanced · भारत की वृद्धि और मुख्य संकेतक · 18 facts
HDI (Human Development Index 2023): India ranked 134 out of 193 countries; HDI value 0.644; medium human development category.
HDI measures 3 dimensions: Long and healthy life (life expectancy), Knowledge (education — mean years of schooling + expected years), and Standard of living (GNI per capita).
Per capita income India 2024: Approximately $2,600 (nominal); $8,900 (PPP adjusted); classified as lower-middle income by World Bank.
Gini Coefficient: Measures income inequality (0 = perfect equality, 1 = perfect inequality); India's Gini ~0.35 (moderate inequality).
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): India dropped from 55.1% poor (2005-06) to 14.96% (2019-21) — 415 million people escaped poverty in 15 years.
NFHS-5 (National Family Health Survey, 2019-21): Tracks health, nutrition, population indicators; shows improvement in child mortality, nutrition, women empowerment.
PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan: Launched 2021; multimodal connectivity platform; integrates 16 ministries for infrastructure projects; uses GIS-based planning.
Ease of Doing Business: India improved to 63rd rank (World Bank) in 2020 from 142nd in 2014; reflects regulatory reforms, digitalization, GST impact.
Global Innovation Index (GII): India ranked 40th (2023); up from 81st in 2015; reflects improvement in IT, patents, startups, research ecosystem.
India's unicorn startup ecosystem: 100+ unicorns (startups valued $1 billion+); 3rd largest in world; Flipkart, Ola, Paytm, Byju's, Nykaa among notable ones.
UPI transactions: India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI) processes 1 billion+ transactions daily (2023); ~$2 trillion in value; world's leading real-time payment system.
India's life expectancy: 69.4 years (NFHS-5); below world average of 73 years; improved from 36 years at independence.
India's literacy rate: 77.7% (Census 2011); male 84.7%, female 70.3%; expected to cross 90% (ASER reports improving trends).
India's unemployment rate (2023): ~3.2% (PLFS — Periodic Labour Force Survey); rural areas lower unemployment than urban; youth unemployment is higher (~10%).
India's exports (2023-24): ~$778 billion (goods + services); USA is largest export destination; engineering goods, petroleum products, gems/jewellery are top goods exports.
India's tax-to-GDP ratio: ~11.6% (2023-24); one of the lowest among major economies; target is 15-18% to fund public services.
India's Amrit Kaal Vision 2047: India@100; target of developed nation status by 2047 (centenary of independence); PM Modi's Viksit Bharat vision.
Digital India metrics: 850 million internet users; 1.2 billion mobile connections; 600 million smartphones; India world's 2nd largest smartphone market.