Poets & Philosophers — Set 2
Famous People · कवि और दार्शनिक · Questions 11–20 of 50
Who is the author of 'Critique of Pure Reason', a cornerstone of modern Western philosophy?
Correct Answer: D. Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant aimed to bridge the gap between rationalism and empiricism in this influential work. He argued that the mind shapes our experience of the world through innate categories. His 'categorical imperative' remains a central concept in ethics.
Which philosopher is famously associated with the statement 'I think, therefore I am'?
Correct Answer: C. Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes used this phrase, also known as 'Cogito, ergo sum', to establish a certain foundation for knowledge. He is considered the father of modern Western philosophy and a key figure in rationalism. His work emphasized the separation of mind and body.
The Chinese philosopher who emphasized social harmony and filial piety was?
Correct Answer: C. Confucius
Confucius developed a system of ethics and social relations that has shaped East Asian culture for centuries. His teachings are primarily collected in a book called the 'Analects'. He believed that social order is built upon family loyalty and respect.
Which German poet and philosopher is the author of the epic drama 'Faust'?
Correct Answer: A. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is regarded as the greatest German literary figure of the modern era. 'Faust' is a tragic play about a scholar who makes a deal with the devil. He was also a prolific writer in science and aesthetics.
The concept of 'Existentialism' is most closely associated with which 20th-century philosopher?
Correct Answer: A. Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre argued that individuals are entirely free and responsible for their own development. He famously stated that 'existence precedes essence' in his philosophical lectures. He declined the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964.
Who is the author of the 'Divine Comedy', an epic poem describing a journey through the afterlife?
Correct Answer: D. Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri wrote the 'Divine Comedy' in the vernacular Italian rather than Latin. The work is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. It is considered a masterpiece of world literature and a bridge to the Renaissance.
The philosophical school of 'Epicureanism', which seeks mental tranquility, was founded by?
Correct Answer: C. Epicurus
Epicurus taught that the greatest good is to seek modest pleasures and reach a state of tranquility. He founded a school called 'The Garden' which allowed women and slaves to participate. His teachings often addressed the fear of death and divine punishment.
Which romantic poet wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale' and died at the young age of 25?
Correct Answer: A. John Keats
John Keats was a major figure in the English Romantic movement known for his vivid imagery. His poetry is characterized by sensual appeals and a fascination with nature. He died in Rome due to tuberculosis.
The 18th-century philosopher who wrote 'The Social Contract' was?
Correct Answer: D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that legitimate political authority comes from a social contract agreed upon by all citizens. He famously wrote that 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains'. His ideas were pivotal to the French Revolution.
Which philosopher is known for his work on utilitarianism and the book 'On Liberty'?
Correct Answer: D. John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill was a defender of individual freedom and the principle that actions are right if they promote happiness. 'On Liberty' is one of the most important defenses of free speech ever written. He was also a strong advocate for women's suffrage.