Poets & Philosophers — Set 4
Famous People · कवि और दार्शनिक · Questions 31–40 of 50
Who is the author of 'The Prophet', a book of philosophical prose poems?
Correct Answer: A. Kahlil Gibran
Kahlil Gibran was a Lebanese-American poet and artist who published 'The Prophet' in 1923. The book contains sermons on life, love, and death given by the character Almustafa. It is one of the best-selling and most translated books of the 20th century.
The philosophical doctrine of 'Cynicism' was most famously practiced by?
Correct Answer: D. Diogenes of Sinope
Diogenes lived in a large ceramic jar in Athens to demonstrate his rejection of social conventions. Cynicism taught that the purpose of life is to live in virtue and agreement with nature. He famously wandered with a lamp in daytime looking for an 'honest man'.
The Russian novelist and philosopher who wrote 'War and Peace' and later became a Christian anarchist is?
Correct Answer: D. Leo Tolstoy
Leo Tolstoy's later philosophical writings on non-violence deeply influenced figures like Mahatma Gandhi. He is widely considered one of the greatest novelists in world history. His works often addressed deep moral and social crises.
Who is the first woman to be considered a major philosopher in the ancient world, known for her work in Neoplatonism?
Correct Answer: B. Hypatia
Hypatia was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who taught in Alexandria, Egypt. She was the head of the Neoplatonist school and a prominent female figure in science. She was tragically killed during a period of religious unrest.
The concept of the 'Golden Mean', which advocates for balance between extremes, was proposed by?
Correct Answer: B. Aristotle
Aristotle developed the Golden Mean as a central part of his virtue ethics. He argued that every virtue is a middle point between two vices of excess and deficiency. This principle is detailed in his work 'Nicomachean Ethics'.
Which romantic poet is the author of 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner'?
Correct Answer: C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Coleridge co-authored 'Lyrical Ballads' with Wordsworth, marking the start of the Romantic movement in England. 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' is his most famous long poem featuring supernatural themes. He was also a noted philosopher and literary critic.
The 19th-century philosopher who wrote 'The Communist Manifesto' with Friedrich Engels was?
Correct Answer: B. Karl Marx
Karl Marx developed the theory of dialectical materialism and analyzed class struggles in history. His work 'Das Kapital' provided a detailed critique of the capitalist system. His ideas became the foundation for modern socialist and communist movements.
Who is the ancient Greek poetess from the island of Lesbos known for her lyric poetry?
Correct Answer: B. Sappho
Sappho was one of the most famous poets of the ancient world, often called the 'Tenth Muse'. Most of her poetry was meant to be sung while accompanied by a lyre. Today, only fragments of her extensive work remain.
The Enlightenment philosopher known for his wit and advocacy of freedom of speech was?
Correct Answer: B. Voltaire
Voltaire was a prolific French writer who often used satire to attack religious intolerance and injustice. He is famous for his novella 'Candide' and his defense of civil liberties. He was a key figure in the intellectual movement leading to the French Revolution.
The American transcendentalist philosopher who wrote the essay 'Self-Reliance' was?
Correct Answer: C. Ralph Waldo Emerson
Emerson was the leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the mid-19th century. He advocated for individualism and the inherent goodness of people and nature. His essays and lectures were extremely influential in American cultural history.