Scientific Minds — Set 4
Famous People · वैज्ञानिक दिमाग · Questions 31–40 of 50
Who formulated the Laws of Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation?
Correct Answer: B. Isaac Newton
• **Isaac Newton** = He formulated the Laws of Motion and the Universal Law of Gravitation. • **'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'** — This book laid the foundation for classical mechanics in 1687. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Galileo Galilei: Italian astronomer and physicist, often credited with the scientific method; Albert Einstein: Famous for theories of Relativity and E=mc^2; Johannes Kepler: Known for laws of planetary motion.
Who is famous for the theory of General Relativity and the equation $E=mc^2$?
Correct Answer: C. Albert Einstein
• **Albert Einstein** = He is famous for the theory of General Relativity and the equation E=mc^2. • **1921** — He won the Nobel Prize in Physics, primarily for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Niels Bohr: Contributed to quantum mechanics and atomic structure; Max Planck: Originated quantum theory; Stephen Hawking: Cosmologist, known for black hole radiation.
Who discovered the existence of the bacterium that causes Tuberculosis (TB)?
Correct Answer: B. Robert Koch
• **Robert Koch** = He discovered the existence of the bacterium that causes Tuberculosis (TB). • **1905** — He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning tuberculosis. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Louis Pasteur: Known for pasteurization and vaccines; Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin; Edward Jenner: Pioneer of the smallpox vaccine.
Which scientist discovered Penicillin, the first true antibiotic?
Correct Answer: A. Alexander Fleming
• **Alexander Fleming** = He discovered Penicillin, the first true antibiotic. • **1945** — He shared the Nobel Prize for his discovery, which revolutionized medicine. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Joseph Lister: Pioneer of antiseptic surgery; Marie Curie: Discovered radium and polonium; James Watson: Co-discovered DNA double helix structure.
Who is known for the discovery of Radium and Polonium and was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize?
Correct Answer: C. Marie Curie
• **Marie Curie** = She is known for the discovery of Radium and Polonium and was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. • **दो अलग-अलग वैज्ञानिक क्षेत्र** — वह भौतिकी और रसायन विज्ञान में नोबेल पुरस्कार जीतने वाली पहली व्यक्ति थीं। • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Dorothy Hodgkin: Pioneer in X-ray crystallography; Rosalind Franklin: Contributed to DNA and RNA structure understanding; Jane Goodall: Primatologist, known for chimpanzee research.
Who developed the first successful Polio vaccine?
Correct Answer: B. Jonas Salk
• **Jonas Salk** = He developed the first successful Polio vaccine. • **1955** — He created the inactivated (killed-virus) polio vaccine. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Albert Sabin: Developed the oral live-attenuated polio vaccine; Edward Jenner: Pioneer of the smallpox vaccine; Louis Pasteur: Known for pasteurization and vaccines.
Who is the 'Father of Modern Chemistry' who discovered the role of oxygen in combustion?
Correct Answer: B. Antoine Lavoisier
• **Antoine Lavoisier** = He is the 'Father of Modern Chemistry' who discovered the role of oxygen in combustion. • **Law of Conservation of Mass** — He established this fundamental principle in chemistry. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: John Dalton: Developed modern atomic theory; Dmitri Mendeleev: Created the periodic table of elements; Robert Boyle: Formulated Boyle's Law.
Who proposed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection in 'On the Origin of Species'?
Correct Answer: A. Charles Darwin
• **Charles Darwin** = He proposed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection in 'On the Origin of Species'. • **1859** — This was the year his groundbreaking book 'On the Origin of Species' was published. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Gregor Mendel: 'Father of Genetics', discovered laws of inheritance; Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: Proposed an early theory of evolution; Alfred Russel Wallace: Independently conceived a theory of evolution by natural selection.
Who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone?
Correct Answer: B. Alexander Graham Bell
• **Alexander Graham Bell** = He is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. • **1876** — He received the first U.S. patent for the telephone in this year. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Thomas Edison: Invented the phonograph and practical incandescent light bulb; Nikola Tesla: Contributed to AC electricity and radio; Guglielmo Marconi: Pioneer of radio technology.
Who is the 'Father of Genetics' who discovered the laws of inheritance using pea plants?
Correct Answer: B. Gregor Mendel
• **Gregor Mendel** = He is the 'Father of Genetics' who discovered the laws of inheritance using pea plants. • **discrete units** — He identified that traits are passed down through these units, which are now called genes. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Charles Darwin: Proposed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection; Thomas Hunt Morgan: Provided experimental proof for chromosomal theory of heredity; Francis Crick: Co-discovered the structure of the DNA double helix.