Scientific Minds — Set 5
Famous People · वैज्ञानिक दिमाग · Questions 41–50 of 50
Who invented the first commercially successful incandescent light bulb?
Correct Answer: B. Thomas Edison
• **Thomas Edison** = He invented the first commercially successful incandescent light bulb. • **हजारों से अधिक पेटेंट** — उन्होंने विभिन्न आविष्कारों के लिए कई पेटेंट धारण किए, जिसमें फोनोग्राफ भी शामिल था। • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Nikola Tesla: Contributed to AC electricity and induction motor; Benjamin Franklin: Known for experiments with electricity and the lightning rod; Humphry Davy: Invented the miners' safety lamp.
Which scientist developed the 'Laws of Planetary Motion'?
Correct Answer: A. Johannes Kepler
• **Johannes Kepler** = He developed the 'Laws of Planetary Motion'. • **तीन नियम** — उनके नियमों ने सूर्य के चारों ओर ग्रहों की अण्डाकार कक्षाओं का वर्णन किया। • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Galileo Galilei: Used a telescope to observe celestial bodies; Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed the heliocentric model of the universe; Tycho Brahe: Known for accurate astronomical observations.
Who discovered the structure of the DNA double helix along with Francis Crick?
Correct Answer: A. James Watson
• **James Watson** = He discovered the structure of the DNA double helix along with Francis Crick. • **1953** — This was the year they modeled the 3D structure of DNA. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Rosalind Franklin: Provided critical X-ray diffraction images of DNA; Maurice Wilkins: Shared Nobel with Watson and Crick, produced X-ray diffraction images of DNA; Linus Pauling: Proposed an incorrect triple helix structure for DNA.
Who is known as the 'Father of Modern Physics' and used the telescope to prove the heliocentric model?
Correct Answer: B. Galileo Galilei
• **Galileo Galilei** = He is known as the 'Father of Modern Physics' and used the telescope to prove the heliocentric model. • **बृहस्पति के चंद्रमा** — उनके इन उपग्रहों के अवलोकन ने सूर्य-केंद्रित मॉडल के लिए ठोस प्रमाण प्रदान किए। • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Isaac Newton: Formulated Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation; Johannes Kepler: Developed Laws of Planetary Motion; Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed the heliocentric model theoretically.
Who invented the steam engine that triggered the Industrial Revolution?
Correct Answer: B. James Watt
• **James Watt** = He invented the steam engine that triggered the Industrial Revolution. • **अलग कंडेनसर** — उनके इस प्रमुख सुधार ने भाप इंजन की दक्षता में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि की। • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: George Stephenson: Pioneer of railways and steam locomotives; Robert Fulton: Developed the first commercially successful steamboat; Thomas Newcomen: Developed an earlier, less efficient atmospheric steam engine.
Who is the inventor of the wireless telegraphy system that led to the development of radio?
Correct Answer: B. Guglielmo Marconi
• **Guglielmo Marconi** = Guglielmo Marconi is widely credited with the invention of the wireless telegraphy system, paving the way for radio. • **1901** — In **1901**, Marconi successfully sent the first transatlantic radio signal, a significant milestone in communication history. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Alexander Graham Bell: Invented the telephone, not wireless telegraphy; Nikola Tesla: Made significant contributions to AC electricity and radio technology but Marconi is credited with the practical development of the wireless telegraphy system; Samuel Morse: Invented the electric telegraph and Morse code, not wireless telegraphy.
Who is the polymath who designed the first flying machines and the parachute in his notebooks?
Correct Answer: A. Leonardo da Vinci
• **Leonardo da Vinci** = Leonardo da Vinci was a prodigious Italian polymath who envisioned flying machines and a parachute in his detailed notebooks centuries ago. • **Renaissance Man** — He is often regarded as the epitome of a '**Renaissance Man**' due to his vast expertise across art, science, and engineering. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Isaac Newton: Known for laws of motion and gravity, not early flying machine designs; Galileo Galilei: Known for astronomical observations and advocacy of heliocentrism, not flying machine designs; Aristotle: An ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, predating modern concepts of flying machines.
Who discovered the process of pasteurization to prevent spoilage in food and beverages?
Correct Answer: B. Louis Pasteur
• **Louis Pasteur** = Louis Pasteur discovered the process of pasteurization, a method of heating to kill harmful microorganisms and prevent spoilage in food and beverages. • **Germ theory** — His pioneering work on the '**germ theory**' established that microorganisms cause diseases, revolutionizing medicine and hygiene practices. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Edward Jenner: Developed the world's first vaccine (for smallpox), but not pasteurization; Robert Koch: Identified specific microbes as causes of specific diseases (e.g., tuberculosis), but not pasteurization; Joseph Lister: Pioneered antiseptic surgery, reducing post-operative infections, but not pasteurization.
Who is the 'Father of the Modern Periodic Table' who arranged elements by their atomic weights?
Correct Answer: B. Dmitri Mendeleev
• **Dmitri Mendeleev** = Dmitri Mendeleev is recognized as the 'Father of the Modern Periodic Table' for arranging elements by their atomic weights and predicting undiscovered ones. • **1869** — In **1869**, Mendeleev published his groundbreaking periodic table, which laid the foundation for modern chemistry by systematically classifying elements. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: John Dalton: Proposed the atomic theory, but not the periodic table; Ernest Rutherford: Known for the discovery of the atomic nucleus, not the periodic table; Niels Bohr: Developed the Bohr model of the atom, not the periodic table.
Which Indian physicist is known for discovering the 'Raman Effect' and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930?
Correct Answer: A. C.V. Raman
• **C.V. Raman** = C.V. Raman was an Indian physicist who discovered the 'Raman Effect', explaining the inelastic scattering of photons by matter. • **1930** — He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in **1930** for this groundbreaking discovery, marking him as the first Asian to achieve this feat in science. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Homi J. Bhabha: Known as the 'Father of the Indian Nuclear Programme', not for the Raman Effect; Satyendra Nath Bose: Known for Bose-Einstein statistics and condensates, not the Raman Effect; Jagadish Chandra Bose: A polymath who pioneered radio and microwave optics, and inventor of the crescograph, not the Raman Effect.