Social Reformers — Set 3

Correct Answer: B. Untouchability in temples

• **Untouchability in temples** = The 'Vaikom Satyagraha' was a movement in Travancore launched to secure the right for lower-caste people to walk on roads leading to the Vaikom Temple. • **1924** — This is the year the Vaikom Satyagraha was launched, marking a significant step against caste-based exclusion. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Child Marriage: addressed by reformers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar through acts like the Sarda Act; Sati: abolished in 1829 largely due to Raja Ram Mohan Roy's efforts; Liquor consumption: also a social issue but not the focus of Vaikom Satyagraha.

Correct Answer: D. Shiv Narayan Agnihotri

• **Shiv Narayan Agnihotri** = founded the 'Deva Samaj' in Lahore, emphasizing the eternity of the soul and the supremacy of the guru. • **1887** — This is the year Shiv Narayan Agnihotri founded the Deva Samaj in Lahore. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Devendranath Tagore: associated with the Brahmo Samaj and Tattvabodhini Sabha; Dayanand Saraswati: founded the Arya Samaj; Keshab Chandra Sen: leader of the Brahmo Samaj of India.

Correct Answer: B. Kandukuri Veeresalingam

• **Kandukuri Veeresalingam** = a scholar who led the reform movement in Andhra Pradesh and is known as the 'Widow Remarriage Apostle' of South India. • **1881** — This is the year Kandukuri Veeresalingam performed the first widow remarriage in Andhra Pradesh. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Kandasamy Mudaliar: a Tamil poet and educationist; S. Radhakrishnan: former President of India, philosopher; C. Rajagopalachari: freedom fighter, first Indian Governor-General.

Correct Answer: C. Radhakanta Deb

• **Radhakanta Deb** = founded the 'Dharma Sabha' to defend orthodox Hindu traditions and oppose the reforms of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, particularly the abolition of Sati. • **1830** — This is the year Radhakanta Deb established the Dharma Sabha. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Prasanna Kumar Tagore: a prominent reformer who supported Ram Mohan Roy; Dwarkanath Tagore: a prominent entrepreneur and reformer, father of Debendranath Tagore; Ramkamal Sen: a leading figure in the conservative Hindu society, also part of the anti-reform movement, but Radhakanta Deb founded the Sabha.

Correct Answer: D. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

• **Poona Sarvajanik Sabha** = co-founded by M.G. Ranade in 1870 to address the issues of the Deccan peasantry and voice agrarian grievances. • **1870** — This is the year M.G. Ranade co-founded the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Indian Association: founded by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in Calcutta; Madras Mahajana Sabha: founded in Madras by M. Veeraraghavachariar and others; Bombay Presidency Association: founded by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta, and K.T. Telang.

Correct Answer: C. Ananda Mohan Bose

• **Ananda Mohan Bose** = led the formation of the 'Sadharan Brahmo Samaj' in 1878, following a split in the Brahmo Samaj due to disagreements with Keshab Chandra Sen's leadership. • **1878** — This is the year Ananda Mohan Bose, along with Shibnath Shastri, founded the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Debendranath Tagore: led the Tattvabodhini Sabha which merged with Brahmo Samaj, then led the Adi Brahmo Samaj; Keshab Chandra Sen: led the Brahmo Samaj of India, whose authoritarian style led to the split; Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: a social reformer, not directly involved in the Brahmo Samaj splits.

Correct Answer: D. Mannathu Padmanabhan

• **Mannathu Padmanabhan** = founded the 'Nair Service Society' (NSS) in Kerala for the social advancement and reform of the Nair community. • **1914** — This is the year Mannathu Padmanabhan established the Nair Service Society. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A.K. Gopalan: a prominent Communist leader from Kerala; K.P. Kesava Menon: a freedom fighter, journalist, and lawyer from Kerala; C.V. Raman Pillai: a prominent Malayalam novelist and playwright.

Correct Answer: C. B.R. Ambedkar

• **B.R. Ambedkar** = often referred to as the 'Abraham Lincoln of India' for his monumental work toward the upliftment of Dalits and fighting against untouchability. • **'Abraham Lincoln of India'** — This title signifies the immense contribution of a reformer towards civil rights and freedom for oppressed communities, similar to Lincoln's role in abolishing slavery. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Mahatma Gandhi: played a significant role in the freedom struggle and against untouchability, but not primarily known by this title; Jyotirao Phule: also a strong contender for this title due to his pioneering anti-caste work, but Ambedkar is more widely associated; Other than listed: while the title might be used for others, B.R. Ambedkar is the most fitting among the specific options provided.

Correct Answer: D. Debendranath Tagore

• **Debendranath Tagore** = founded the 'Tattvabodhini Sabha' to propagate the teachings of the Upanishads and promote monotheism based on the Vedas. • **1839** — This is the year Debendranath Tagore founded the Tattvabodhini Sabha. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Keshab Chandra Sen: a leader of the Brahmo Samaj of India, but not the founder of Tattvabodhini Sabha; Raja Ram Mohan Roy: founded the Brahmo Samaj earlier; Rabindranath Tagore: a renowned poet and Nobel laureate, son of Debendranath Tagore, but not the founder of this Sabha.

Correct Answer: C. 1878

• **Sadharan Brahmo Samaj** = established following a second schism in the Brahmo movement by members seeking a more democratic organization. • **1878** — This is the year the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was established. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: 1866: the year of the first split in the Brahmo Samaj, leading to the Brahmo Samaj of India (led by Keshab Chandra Sen) and Adi Brahmo Samaj (led by Debendranath Tagore); 1872: year of the Native Marriage Act (Civil Marriage Act) related to Brahmo reforms; 1884: no major Brahmo Samaj split or establishment in this year.