Social Reformers — Set 7

Correct Answer: A. Gopal Krishna Gokhale

• **Gopal Krishna Gokhale** = founded the 'Servants of India Society' to train young Indians in social service and national integration. • **1905** — the year the 'Servants of India Society' was founded to serve the nation, emphasizing selfless service. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Bal Gangadhar Tilak: A prominent extremist leader, known for advocating 'Swaraj is my birthright'; Dadabhai Naoroji: Known as the 'Grand Old Man of India', focused on economic drain theory; Bipin Chandra Pal: One of the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio, a nationalist and orator.

Correct Answer: B. Mahadev Govind Ranade

• **Mahadev Govind Ranade** = founded the 'Pandharpur Orphanage' for neglected children. • **Neglected children** — the primary beneficiaries of the 'Pandharpur Orphanage', which aimed to provide care and support. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Jyotirao Phule: Founder of Satyashodhak Samaj, worked for the rights of lower castes and women; G.G. Agarkar: A social reformer and rationalist, editor of 'Kesari'; D.K. Karve: Known for promoting women's education and establishing India's first women's university.

Correct Answer: A. Swami Vivekananda

• **Swami Vivekananda** = founded the 'Ramakrishna Mission' and represented Hinduism at the 1893 Parliament of Religions. • **1893** — the year Swami Vivekananda delivered his famous speech at the Parliament of Religions in Chicago, introducing Hinduism to the Western world. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Ramakrishna Paramahansa: Swami Vivekananda's guru, known for his spiritual teachings; Swami Dayanand: Founder of Arya Samaj, promoted Vedic values and monotheism; Swami Ramtirtha: A spiritual philosopher and ascetic who taught Vedanta.

Correct Answer: C. Mahadev Govind Ranade

• **Mahadev Govind Ranade** = is known as the 'Socrates of Maharashtra' for his intellectual and social contributions. • **Intellectual and social contributions** — the reasons why Ranade earned the epithet 'Socrates of Maharashtra' and guided a generation of leaders. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Gopal Hari Deshmukh: Known as 'Lokahitawadi', advocated for social reform through articles; G.G. Agarkar: A social reformer and rationalist, proponent of critical thinking; Bal Gangadhar Tilak: A prominent nationalist and freedom fighter, known for his radical views.

Correct Answer: A. Jyotirao Phule

• **Jyotirao Phule** = founded the 'Satyashodhak Samaj' and fought for the rights of the underprivileged. • **Rights of the underprivileged** — the core mission of the 'Satyashodhak Samaj', founded to challenge caste discrimination and promote equality. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B.R. Ambedkar: A principal architect of the Indian Constitution, led the Dalit Buddhist movement later; Periyar: A prominent leader of the self-respect movement in Tamil Nadu; Vitthal Ramji Shinde: Founded the Depressed Classes Mission.

Correct Answer: A. Shiv Narayan Agnihotri

• **Shiv Narayan Agnihotri** = founded the 'Deva Samaj' and promoted moral education. • **1887** — the year 'Deva Samaj' was founded to emphasize human ethics and social discipline. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Dayanand Saraswati: Founder of Arya Samaj, known for 'back to Vedas'; Swami Shraddhanand: A prominent Arya Samaj missionary and educationalist; Munshi Ram: Another name for Swami Shraddhanand before taking sanyas.

Correct Answer: B. Pandita Ramabai

• **Pandita Ramabai** = is the author of 'The High-Caste Hindu Woman', which exposed the plight of Indian women. • **Indian widows** — the group whose plight Pandita Ramabai sought to alleviate through her work and the book, highlighting social oppression. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Savitribai Phule: Pioneering feminist, educator, and social reformer in Maharashtra, known for women's education; Tarabai Shinde: Early feminist writer, author of 'Stri Purush Tulana'; Sarojini Naidu: Poet, political activist, and the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress.

Correct Answer: A. Kandukuri Veeresalingam

• **Kandukuri Veeresalingam** = is the social reformer from Andhra Pradesh known for his work on widow remarriage. • **First widow remarriage** — the significant act performed by Kandukuri Veeresalingam in Andhra Pradesh, challenging social norms. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: S. Radhakrishnan: A philosopher and statesman, second President of India; T. Prakasam: A freedom fighter and the first Chief Minister of Andhra State; Potti Sreeramulu: A freedom fighter who undertook a fast unto death for the creation of Andhra State.

Correct Answer: A. Dadabhai Naoroji

• **Dadabhai Naoroji** = was the founder of the 'Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha' for the reform of the Parsi community. • **1851** — the year 'Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha' was founded to modernize Parsi religious and social customs. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Pherozeshah Mehta: A Parsi political leader and lawyer, a moderate in the INC; Dinshaw Wacha: A Parsi politician and one of the founding members of the INC; S.S. Bengalee: A Parsi social reformer who worked with Dadabhai Naoroji.

Correct Answer: A. B.R. Ambedkar

• **B.R. Ambedkar** = founded the 'Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha' to provide a platform for Dalits. • **1924** — the year 'Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha' was established to address the grievances of the depressed classes. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Jyotirao Phule: Founder of Satyashodhak Samaj, worked for lower castes and women; Jagjivan Ram: A prominent Dalit leader and politician, served as a Union Minister; Kashi Ram: Founder of Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), a modern Dalit political leader.