Landforms — Set 1
Geography · भू-आकृतियां · Questions 1–10 of 40
Which of the following landforms is created by the depositional action of a glacier?
Correct Answer: D. Moraine
Moraines are accumulations of dirt and rocks that have been pushed along or carried by a glacier. They are specifically classified as depositional landforms rather than erosional ones. Lateral and terminal moraines are common examples found in high-altitude regions.
What is the term for a deep, narrow valley with very steep sides, often carved by a river?
Correct Answer: B. Canyon
A canyon is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs formed by the erosive activity of a river over geologic timescales. The Grand Canyon is one of the most famous examples of this landform. These structures typically reveal many layers of rock from different historical periods.
A 'Mushroom Rock' is a landform typically associated with which geological agent?
Correct Answer: D. Wind
Mushroom rocks are formed by wind erosion in desert areas where sand particles strike the base of a rock more frequently than the top. This results in a narrower base and a wider top, resembling a mushroom. They are also scientifically referred to as rock pedestals.
Which of the following is an example of an 'Exogenic' force that shapes landforms?
Correct Answer: A. Weathering
Weathering is an exogenic process because it originates outside the Earth's crust and acts upon the surface. It involves the breaking down of rocks through chemical or physical means. In contrast, volcanism and earthquakes are endogenic forces driven by internal energy.
The 'U-shaped' valley is a characteristic erosional feature of which of the following?
Correct Answer: B. Glaciers
Glaciers carve out U-shaped valleys as they move slowly across the landscape, widening and deepening existing V-shaped valleys. The flat bottom and steep sides distinguish them from river-cut valleys. When these valleys are partially submerged by the sea, they are called fjords.
What do we call a crescent-shaped sand dune produced by wind action in a desert?
Correct Answer: A. Barkhan
Barkhans are crescent-shaped dunes with the tips or 'horns' pointing downwind. They are formed in areas where wind direction is constant and sand supply is limited. These dunes are highly mobile and can migrate across desert surfaces over time.
In Karst topography, which feature is formed by the ceiling of a cave collapsing?
Correct Answer: B. Sinkhole
A sinkhole, also known as a swallow hole or doline, is formed when the roof of an underground limestone cavern collapses. It creates a depression or hole in the ground surface through which water can drain. Karst topography is primarily found in regions with high limestone or dolomite content.
Which landform is produced when a river enters a large, quiet body of water and deposits its load?
Correct Answer: A. Delta
Deltas are formed at the mouth of a river where it slows down and loses its capacity to carry sediment into the sea or lake. This results in a fan-shaped accumulation of silt and sand. The Nile and the Ganges-Brahmaputra deltas are prominent global examples.
A 'Natural Levee' is a landform associated with which process?
Correct Answer: B. Fluvial deposition
Natural levees are elongated ridges of mud and silt deposited along river banks during periods of flooding. They are a product of fluvial deposition as the water overflows and loses energy. Over time, these ridges can grow significantly and help contain minor floods.
Which of the following is a landform created by sea wave erosion?
Correct Answer: C. Cliff
A cliff is a steep rock face formed by the continuous erosive action of sea waves striking the base of coastal mountains. This undercutting eventually leads to the collapse of the overhanging rock. Features like sea caves and arches are often found along these cliffs.