Pollution & Protocols
Geography · प्रदूषण और प्रोटोकॉल · 17 facts
Namami Gange Programme — launched 2014, Rs 20,000 crore budget to clean River Ganga
India pledged to achieve Net Zero emissions by 2070 at COP26 Glasgow (2021)
BS-VI (Bharat Stage VI) emission norms implemented from 1 April 2020 for vehicles
International Solar Alliance (ISA) — co-founded by India and France (2015), HQ in Gurugram, Haryana
Ozone Layer: Found in stratosphere (15-35 km), protects from UV rays, ozone hole over Antarctica
Acid Rain: Caused by SO2 and NO2 mixing with rain water, pH below 5.6
COP = Conference of Parties under UNFCCC; COP meetings held annually
Carbon Footprint = total greenhouse gas emissions by an individual/organization
Montreal Protocol (1987) = ozone layer protection, CFC ban, ratified by all 198 countries
Kyoto Protocol (1997) = legally binding greenhouse gas reduction for developed nations
Paris Agreement (2015, COP21) = limit warming to 1.5°C, 196 countries signed
Rio Earth Summit (1992) = Agenda 21, UNFCCC, Convention on Biological Diversity
Stockholm Conference (1972) = first UN environment conference, UNEP created
World Environment Day = 5 June (Stockholm Conference anniversary)
Ozone layer is in stratosphere (15-35 km), protects from UV rays
Greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs — trap heat, cause global warming
NGT (National Green Tribunal) = 2010, for environmental cases in India