Computer Pioneers — Set 2
Inventions · कंप्यूटर अग्रदूत · Questions 11–20 of 50
Who is credited with the invention of the World Wide Web in 1989?
Correct Answer: C. Tim Berners-Lee
Tim Berners-Lee invented the Web while working at CERN to help scientists share information more easily. He created the first web browser, the HTTP protocol, and the HTML language. His decision to make the technology open and free changed the world forever.
Which pioneer is known for inventing the Integrated Circuit (IC) while working at Texas Instruments?
Correct Answer: B. Jack Kilby
Jack Kilby demonstrated the first working integrated circuit in 1958, which combined multiple components on a single piece of semiconductor. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this invention in 2000. ICs allowed computers to become much smaller, faster, and more reliable.
Who founded Apple Inc. along with Steve Jobs and built the Apple I computer?
Correct Answer: B. Steve Wozniak
Steve Wozniak single-handedly designed both the hardware and the operating system for the Apple I and Apple II. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant computer engineers in history. His work launched the personal computer revolution in the late 1970s.
Which pioneer is known as the 'Father of Information Theory' for his work on digital circuit design?
Correct Answer: B. Claude Shannon
Claude Shannon proved that Boolean logic could be used to design switching circuits in his 1937 master's thesis. He also established the fundamental limits on signal processing and data compression. This work is the mathematical foundation for all digital communications.
Who was the primary architect of the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004?
Correct Answer: C. Ted Hoff
Ted Hoff came up with the idea of a general-purpose processor on a single chip in 1969. This invention allowed computers to shrink from room-sized machines to small desktops. Federico Faggin then led the physical design and implementation of the chip.
Which pioneer developed the first high-level programming language, FORTRAN?
Correct Answer: B. John Backus
John Backus led a team at IBM in 1957 to create a language that was easier for scientists to use than assembly. FORTRAN allowed programmers to write code using mathematical formulas. It remains one of the most influential languages in scientific computing history.
Who is known for developing the C programming language and co-developing the Unix operating system?
Correct Answer: A. Dennis Ritchie
Dennis Ritchie created C at Bell Labs, which became the foundation for most modern software and operating systems. He received the Turing Award for his contributions to computer science theory. His work enabled software to be easily ported across different hardware platforms.
Which pioneer is the founder of the Free Software Movement and the GNU Project?
Correct Answer: A. Richard Stallman
Richard Stallman launched the GNU Project in 1983 to create a completely free Unix-like operating system. He also authored the GNU General Public License (GPL) to ensure software remains free for all users. He is a staunch advocate for digital freedom and user rights.
Who created the Linux kernel, which is the heart of millions of servers and mobile devices?
Correct Answer: A. Linus Torvalds
Linus Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel as a hobby project in 1991. He managed its development through open-source collaboration with thousands of developers worldwide. Today, Linux powers the majority of the world's internet infrastructure.
Which pioneer invented the first mechanical calculator, the 'Pascaline', in 1642?
Correct Answer: B. Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal built this machine to help his father with tax calculations. It could perform addition and subtraction directly using a series of gears and wheels. This was one of the earliest successful attempts to mechanize arithmetic.