Fathers of Arts — Set 5
Inventions · कला के जनक · Questions 41–50 of 50
Who is traditionally regarded as the 'Father of Geography'?
Correct Answer: A. Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes was the first person to use the word 'geography' and calculated the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy. He also created a system of latitude and longitude for mapping the world. He was the chief librarian at the Great Library of Alexandria.
Who is known as the 'Father of Psychology' for establishing the first experimental laboratory?
Correct Answer: B. Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879. He sought to study the human mind through objective measurements and introspection. This established psychology as a formal science independent of philosophy.
Which ancient scholar is commonly honored as the 'Father of Surgery'?
Correct Answer: A. Sushruta
Sushruta authored the 'Sushruta Samhita', an ancient Indian text that describes over 300 surgical procedures. He is credited with performing the first plastic surgery, specifically rhinoplasty (nose reconstruction). His work also covers anatomy, midwifery, and pediatrics.
Who is widely considered the 'Father of Microbiology' for his discovery of single-celled organisms?
Correct Answer: B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist who designed his own high-powered microscopes to see 'animalcules'. He was the first to observe bacteria, protozoa, and the circulation of blood cells. His observations opened up a whole new world of biological research.
The 'Father of Modern Physics' title is frequently associated with which 20th-century scientist?
Correct Answer: C. Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein developed the theories of special and general relativity, which transformed our understanding of space, time, and gravity. He also explained the photoelectric effect, a key foundation for quantum mechanics. He is famous for the world's most well-known equation, $E=mc^2$.
Who is honored as the 'Father of Modern Chemistry' for his work on oxygen and the metric system?
Correct Answer: B. Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier identified and named oxygen and hydrogen and predicted the existence of silicon. He was central to the development of the metric system and the first table of chemical elements. His rigorous experiments ended the long-held belief in the 'phlogiston' theory.
Which ancient Greek is known as the 'Father of Botany'?
Correct Answer: D. Theophrastus
Theophrastus was a student of Aristotle who wrote 'Enquiry into Plants' and 'On the Causes of Plants'. He classified over 500 species and described their structure, growth, and reproduction. His writings remained the primary authority on plants for centuries.
Who is regarded as the 'Father of Indian Independence' and the designer of the non-violence movement?
Correct Answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi led India to independence from British rule using non-violent civil disobedience. He inspired civil rights movements across the globe through his philosophy of 'Satyagraha'. He is officially called the 'Father of the Nation' in India.
Who is known as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?
Correct Answer: B. Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev organized chemical elements based on their atomic weights and noticed repeating patterns in their properties. He famously left gaps for elements that had not yet been discovered, accurately predicting their characteristics. His arrangement is the ancestor of the modern periodic table.
Which Greek mathematician is traditionally hailed as the 'Father of Trigonometry'?
Correct Answer: B. Hipparchus
Hipparchus is credited with creating the first table of chords, which is an early version of the modern sine table. He used these mathematical tools to calculate the positions and movements of stars and planets. His work bridged the gap between geometry and astronomy.