Fathers of Science — Set 2
Inventions · विज्ञान के जनक · Questions 11–20 of 50
Who is the 'Father of Microbiology' for being the first to observe microorganisms?
Correct Answer: A. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
• **Antonie van Leeuwenhoek** = Self-taught scientist who designed high-quality microscopes and observed microorganisms. • **Bacteria, red blood cells, yeast** — He was the first to document these microscopic life forms, calling them 'animalcules'. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Robert Koch: developed techniques to identify bacteria causing diseases; Joseph Lister: pioneered antiseptic surgery; Louis Pasteur: discovered germ theory and developed vaccines.
Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Electricity'?
Correct Answer: C. Michael Faraday
• **Michael Faraday** = Discovered electromagnetic induction and electrolysis laws, transforming electricity science. • **Electric motor technology** — His electromagnetic rotary devices provided the foundation for all modern electrical machines. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Nikola Tesla: developed alternating current and wireless transmission; Thomas Edison: invented the light bulb and DC power systems; Benjamin Franklin: studied electricity through experiments.
Who is regarded as the 'Father of Evolution'?
Correct Answer: A. Charles Darwin
• **Charles Darwin** = Proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, explaining biological diversity. • **HMS Beagle voyage** — His five-year journey collecting evidence provided the empirical foundation for evolutionary theory. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Alfred Russel Wallace: developed parallel theory of natural selection independently; Gregor Mendel: discovered laws of heredity; Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: proposed an earlier, incorrect theory of evolution.
Who is known as the 'Father of the Indian Space Program'?
Correct Answer: C. Vikram Sarabhai
• **Vikram Sarabhai** = Founder of ISRO and visionary for space technology in India's development. • **Physical Research Laboratory** — He established this institution as a center for scientific research and space science. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: scientist and former president; Satish Dhawan: ISRO director after Sarabhai; Homi Bhabha: founder of Indian nuclear program.
Which scientist is called the 'Father of Relativity'?
Correct Answer: A. Albert Einstein
• **Albert Einstein** = Developed theories of special and general relativity, revolutionizing physics. • **Photoelectric effect** — His Nobel Prize-winning explanation of this phenomenon demonstrated quantum nature of light. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Niels Bohr: developed the Bohr model of the atom; Werner Heisenberg: formulated uncertainty principle; Max Planck: introduced concept of energy quanta.
Who is recognized as the 'Father of Modern Management'?
Correct Answer: D. Peter Drucker
• **Peter Drucker** = He is widely considered the 'Father of Modern Management'. • **late 20th century** — His writings predicted many major developments like decentralization and the knowledge worker. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Max Weber: known for his work on bureaucracy and social theory; Henry Ford: known for pioneering the assembly line and mass production methods; Frederick Taylor: known as the 'Father of Scientific Management' for his focus on efficiency.
Who is traditionally regarded as the 'Father of Botany'?
Correct Answer: B. Theophrastus
• **Theophrastus** = He was an ancient Greek philosopher and student of Aristotle, traditionally regarded as the 'Father of Botany'. • **500 plants** — He classified over this many plants based on their growth habits and structure in his work 'Enquiry into Plants'. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Carl Linnaeus: known as the 'Father of Taxonomy' for binomial nomenclature; Aristotle: Theophrastus's teacher, known for broader biology and philosophy; Gregor Mendel: known as the 'Father of Genetics'.
Which scientist is called the 'Father of Blood Groups'?
Correct Answer: C. Karl Landsteiner
• **Karl Landsteiner** = He was an Austrian physician and immunologist who discovered the major blood groups. • **1900** — He identified the ABO blood group system in this year, making safe blood transfusions possible. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Richard Lewisohn: refined blood transfusion methods using citrate anticoagulant; James Blundell: performed the first successful human-to-human blood transfusion; William Harvey: described the circulation of blood in the human body.
Who is known as the 'Father of Geometry'?
Correct Answer: A. Euclid
• **Euclid** = He was an ancient Greek mathematician, often referred to as the 'Father of Geometry'. • **'Elements'** — His monumental textbook, written around **300 BC**, systematically organized the knowledge of geometry and became a foundational work. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Archimedes: known for his contributions to physics and mathematics, like the principle of buoyancy; Thales: an early Greek philosopher and mathematician, often considered the first true mathematician; Pythagoras: known for the Pythagorean theorem in geometry.
Which scientist is considered the 'Father of Psychoanalysis'?
Correct Answer: C. Sigmund Freud
• **Sigmund Freud** = He was an Austrian neurologist who founded the field of psychoanalysis. • **Unconscious mind** — He developed techniques like free association and highlighted its profound significance in shaping human behavior. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Ivan Pavlov: Russian physiologist known for classical conditioning experiments; Carl Jung: a student of Freud who later developed his own school of thought, analytical psychology; B.F. Skinner: an American psychologist influential in behaviorism, known for operant conditioning.