Fathers of Science — Set 3

Correct Answer: B. Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, the two-part naming system for species. He is also responsible for the hierarchical classification system used in biology. His book 'Systema Naturae' is a foundational work for modern biological naming.

Correct Answer: C. Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity through his experiments with pea plants. He identified dominant and recessive traits and the laws of segregation. His work was rediscovered decades after his death, forming the basis of modern genetics.

Correct Answer: A. Frederick Winslow Taylor

Frederick Taylor sought to improve industrial efficiency by applying engineering principles to management. He developed time and motion studies to optimize worker tasks. His theories significantly influenced mass production during the Industrial Revolution.

Correct Answer: A. Robert Oppenheimer

J. Robert Oppenheimer was the scientific director of the Manhattan Project during World War II. He led the research and development of the first nuclear weapons. He is famously remembered for quoting the Bhagavad Gita upon seeing the first test explosion.

Correct Answer: B. Homi J. Bhabha

Homi J. Bhabha was the founding director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). He formulated India's three-stage nuclear power program. He was also the first Chairman of India's Atomic Energy Commission.

Correct Answer: C. Patanjali

Patanjali compiled the 'Yoga Sutras', a foundational text of classical yoga philosophy. He defined yoga as the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind. His Eight Limbs of Yoga (Ashtanga) provide a systematic guide for spiritual growth.

Correct Answer: D. Max Planck

Max Planck discovered energy quanta, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. He proposed that energy is emitted or absorbed in discrete units rather than continuously. Planck's constant is a fundamental physical constant named after him.

Correct Answer: C. Tim Berners-Lee

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 while working at CERN. He created the first web browser and the first web server. He made the technology available freely to everyone without patents or royalties.

Correct Answer: B. P.C. Mahalanobis

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis founded the Indian Statistical Institute and devised the Mahalanobis distance. He was a key member of the first Planning Commission of independent India. His birthday, June 29, is celebrated as National Statistics Day in India.

Correct Answer: C. Sushruta

Sushruta detailed procedures for reconstructing noses and earlobes in his ancient medical treatise. He used skin grafts from the forehead or cheek to perform these surgeries. His techniques are considered precursors to modern reconstructive surgery.