Maternity, Gratuity & Wages Acts — Set 3
Labour Laws · प्रसूति, ग्रेच्युटी और मजदूरी अधिनियम · Questions 21–30 of 160
Under the Minimum Wages Act, which type of wages includes basic rate plus cost of living allowance?
Correct Answer: C. Minimum wages
Under the Minimum Wages Act, minimum wages are defined as the basic rate of wages plus a special allowance, or a basic rate with or without the cost of living allowance, as determined by the appropriate government. Minimum wages represent the floor below which wages cannot fall. The concept of minimum wages distinguishes them from living wages which cover all needs.
The Payment of Gratuity Act applies to establishments employing how many workers?
Correct Answer: B. 10 or more
The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 applies to every factory, mine, oilfield, plantation, port, railway company, and every shop or other establishment employing 10 or more employees. Once an establishment comes under the Act, it continues to be covered even if the number of employees subsequently falls below 10. All employees employed on wages in these establishments are covered.
Under the Maternity Benefit Act, a pregnant woman is entitled to maternity benefit from how many weeks before the expected delivery date?
Correct Answer: C. 8 weeks
Under the Maternity Benefit Act, a woman is entitled to and must take maternity leave for 6 weeks before the expected date of delivery. The remaining weeks of maternity leave are to be taken after delivery. For the 2017 amendment's 26 weeks: 8 weeks are pre-natal and 18 weeks post-natal for the first two children. This ensures the mother's health is protected.
Under the Payment of Wages Act, authorized deductions from wages include:
Correct Answer: B. Provident fund, income tax, and authorized fines
Under the Payment of Wages Act, authorized deductions from wages include contributions to PF and ESI, income tax, fines (within prescribed limits), advances given, and deductions for house accommodation provided. No other deductions are permitted. The Act specifies that total deductions cannot exceed 50% (or 75% in certain cases) of the total wages. This protects workers from arbitrary deductions.
Under the Payment of Gratuity Act, can gratuity be forfeited?
Correct Answer: B. Yes, in cases of termination due to misconduct causing damage or loss
Under Section 4(6) of the Payment of Gratuity Act, gratuity can be forfeited wholly or partially in certain circumstances. If an employee is terminated due to willful omission or negligence causing damage or loss to property, gratuity can be forfeited to the extent of damage. If an employee is terminated for moral turpitude, gratuity can be wholly forfeited. However, minor misconduct cannot lead to forfeiture.
Under the Minimum Wages Act, payment of less than minimum wages is an offence punishable with:
Correct Answer: B. Imprisonment up to 6 months or fine up to Rs.500 or both
Under Section 22 of the Minimum Wages Act, any employer who pays less than the minimum wages is punishable with imprisonment for a term up to six months or a fine up to Rs.500 or both. This penalty ensures compliance with minimum wage provisions. The enforcement is through the labour inspectorate. Workers can also claim the difference through the labour court.
Under the Payment of Gratuity Act, which employees are NOT entitled to gratuity?
Correct Answer: D. Employees who resign before completing 5 years without disability
Under the Payment of Gratuity Act, employees who have not completed five years of continuous service are generally not entitled to gratuity on resignation. However, if an employee dies or becomes disabled before completing five years, gratuity is still payable. The five-year condition is specifically applicable to cases of resignation and retrenchment. Employees terminated by employers are generally entitled to gratuity if they have served for 5 years.
Under the Factories Act, 1948, the maximum working hours per week for an adult worker is?
Correct Answer: B. 48 hours
The correct answer is 48 hours. The Factories Act, 1948 stipulates that the maximum working hours for an adult worker should not exceed 48 hours per week, which is the legal standard for worker protection. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.
What is the maximum daily working hours under the Factories Act?
Correct Answer: B. 9 hours
The correct answer is 9 hours. According to the Factories Act, 1948, the maximum working hours per day should not exceed 9 hours, excluding rest periods and meal breaks. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.
Which Act regulates working hours and rest periods in India?
Correct Answer: B. Factories Act
The correct answer is Factories Act. The Factories Act, 1948 is the primary legislation that regulates working hours, rest periods, and overall working conditions in factories and manufacturing units. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.