Cloze Test — Set 11
Questions 101–110 of 160
The meteorological phenomenon _____ (A) climate change _____ (B) from complex interactions between _____ (C) systems. Rising temperatures are _____ (D) by greenhouse gas concentrations. Scientists _____ (E) urgent mitigation strategies. Blank A:
Correct Answer: A. of
'Of' indicates cause/origin—'phenomenon of climate change'. We describe environmental issues as 'phenomenon of X'. 'In', 'by', and 'with' are incorrect. 'Of' is meteorologically standard.
Climate change results _____ (B) complex interactions between atmospheric systems. Blank B:
Correct Answer: A. from
'From' indicates origin—'results from'. We say something 'results from' causes. 'Of', 'in', and 'by' are incorrect for this causal structure. 'From' correctly shows origin.
Complex interactions between _____ (C) systems drive planetary climate patterns. Blank C:
Correct Answer: A. atmospheric
'Atmospheric' refers to air systems governing weather/climate. 'Terrestrial' is land-based, 'aquatic' is water, and 'geological' is earth structure. Atmospheric most directly relates to climate change.
Rising temperatures are _____ (D) by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Blank D:
Correct Answer: A. driven
'Driven' is past participle for passive 'are driven'. Passive voice correctly shows temperatures receiving causality. 'Driving' is gerund, 'drive' is base form, and 'drove' is past. 'Driven' completes passive construction.
Scientists advocate for _____ (E) urgent mitigation and adaptation strategies. Blank E:
Correct Answer: A. implementing
'Implementing' is gerund after 'advocate for'. 'Advocate for' takes gerund form. 'Implement' is base form, 'implemented' is past, and 'implements' is present singular. 'Implementing' correctly follows the preposition.
The psychological concept _____ (A) cognitive dissonance _____ (B) when individuals hold _____ (C) beliefs simultaneously. This creates psychological _____ (D), motivating people to change _____ (E) or beliefs. Blank A:
Correct Answer: A. of
'Of' indicates the concept—'concept of cognitive dissonance'. We discuss psychology 'of' mental phenomena. 'In', 'by', and 'with' are incorrect. 'Of' is psychologically standard.
Cognitive dissonance occurs _____ (B) individuals hold contradictory beliefs simultaneously. Blank B:
Correct Answer: A. when
'When' introduces temporal conditions—'when X happens'. 'Where' is spatial, 'while' suggests duration, and 'which' is relative. 'When' correctly introduces the condition triggering dissonance.
Individuals hold _____ (C) beliefs that conflict psychologically. Blank C:
Correct Answer: A. contradictory
'Contradictory' means mutually opposed, defining cognitive dissonance. 'Complementary', 'consistent', and 'identical' suggest harmony. Contradictory captures the conflicting nature causing psychological tension.
This internal conflict creates psychological _____ (D), motivating behavioral or belief change. Blank D:
Correct Answer: A. tension
'Tension' describes uncomfortable mental stress. 'Comfort', 'harmony', and 'peace' suggest ease. Tension correctly describes the discomfort motivating resolution.
People are motivated to change their _____ (E) or behaviors to reduce dissonance. Blank E:
Correct Answer: A. attitudes
'Attitudes' are beliefs and evaluative positions, directly contradicting beliefs in dissonance. 'Emotions', 'perceptions', and 'actions' are related but attitudes are primary to the theory. Attitudes correctly represents belief systems.