Cloze Test — Set 13
Questions 121–130 of 160
The philosophical inquiry _____ (A) free will _____ (B) whether determinism _____ (C) human agency. Some philosophers _____ (D) compatibilism, suggesting _____ (E) are reconcilable. Blank A:
Correct Answer: A. into
'Into' indicates investigation—'inquiry into'. We inquire 'into' philosophical questions. 'In', 'of', and 'on' don't fit investigative context. 'Into' correctly shows philosophical exploration.
The inquiry into free will examines _____ (B) determinism and human agency conflict. Blank B:
Correct Answer: A. whether
'Whether' introduces formal philosophical alternatives ('whether X or Y'). 'If' is conditional, 'when' is temporal, and 'what' is interrogative. 'Whether' is philosophically standard.
Determinism _____ (C) human agency, according to some philosophical traditions. Blank C:
Correct Answer: A. excludes
'Excludes' means eliminates or contradicts, capturing determinism's denial of free choice. 'Includes', 'embraces', and 'contains' suggest compatibility. Excludes correctly expresses deterministic denial of agency.
Some philosophers advocate _____ (D) compatibilism as a philosophical solution. Blank D:
Correct Answer: A. for
'For' indicates support—'advocate for'. We advocate 'for' positions and ideas. 'About', 'on', and 'in' are incorrect for advocacy. 'For' correctly shows philosophical endorsement.
Compatibilists argue that free will and determinism _____ (E) perfectly reconcilable. Blank E:
Correct Answer: A. are
'Are' is plural for 'free will and determinism' (compound subject). Present shows philosophical position. 'Is' is singular, 'were' is past, and 'be' is bare infinitive. 'Are' correctly shows the claimed compatibility.
The biochemical mechanism _____ (A) photosynthesis _____ (B) converting solar energy _____ (C) chemical energy. Chlorophyll absorbs photons, which _____ (D) electrons _____ (E) excited states. Blank A:
Correct Answer: A. of
'Of' indicates possession—'mechanism of photosynthesis'. We discuss biological 'mechanism of' processes. 'In', 'by', and 'with' are incorrect. 'Of' is biochemically standard.
Photosynthesis involves _____ (B) solar energy into chemical energy for organism use. Blank B:
Correct Answer: A. converting
'Converting' is gerund after 'involves'. 'Involve' takes gerund form. 'Convert' is base, 'converted' is past, and 'converts' is present singular. 'Converting' correctly follows the verb.
Solar energy is converted _____ (C) chemical energy through biochemical processes. Blank C:
Correct Answer: A. into
'Into' indicates transformation—'converted into'. We say something is 'converted into' another form. 'To', 'in', and 'for' are incorrect for transformation. 'Into' correctly shows energy conversion.
Chlorophyll absorbs photons, which _____ (D) electrons into excited quantum states. Blank D:
Correct Answer: A. raise
'Raise' is plural for 'photons' (plural). Present describes the biochemical process. 'Raises' is singular, 'raising' is gerund, and 'raised' is past. 'Raise' correctly matches plural subject.
Electrons are promoted _____ (E) excited states through photon absorption. Blank E:
Correct Answer: A. to
'To' indicates transformation of state—'promoted to'. We promote 'to' new states. 'Into', 'in', and 'at' are incorrect for state change. 'To' correctly shows quantum state elevation.