Religions & Philosophy — Set 5
Arts & Culture · धर्म और दर्शन · Questions 41–50 of 60
Which school of thought is known as the 'Doctrine of No-Soul' (Anatta) in Buddhism?
Correct Answer: D. All of these
Anatta is one of the three marks of existence in all forms of Buddhism, stating that there is no permanent, unchanging self. It challenges the concept of 'Atman' found in Hindu philosophy. Realizing this 'no-self' nature is considered essential for achieving liberation from suffering.
The 'Vachana' literature is a form of rhythmic writing used by the followers of which movement?
Correct Answer: A. Lingayatism
Vachanas were composed in Kannada by social reformers like Basavanna during the 12th century. They used simple language to convey complex spiritual truths and criticized social evils like the caste system. This literature is the primary scripture for the Lingayat or Veerashaiva community.
The 'Agama' texts in Hinduism are primarily manuals related to?
Correct Answer: B. Temple worship and construction
The Agamas provide detailed instructions on the rituals, philosophy, and architectural rules for Hindu temples. They are divided into three main branches: Shaiva, Vaishnava, and Shakta. They complement the Vedas by providing the practical procedures for personal and public worship.
The 'Ajivika' school of philosophy, which was a rival to early Buddhism and Jainism, was founded by?
Correct Answer: D. Makkhali Gosala
Makkhali Gosala was a contemporary of Mahavira and the Buddha who taught a deterministic philosophy known as Niyati (Fate). The Ajivikas believed that human effort cannot change the course of destiny. This school flourished for several centuries before eventually disappearing.
Which Indian state is home to the 'Hemis Monastery', a major center of Tibetan Buddhism?
Correct Answer: B. Ladakh
Hemis is the largest and wealthiest monastery in Ladakh, belonging to the Drukpa lineage. It is famous for its annual Hemis festival which features sacred masked dances (Cham). It serves as an important site for the preservation of Himalayan Buddhist heritage.
The word 'Upanishad' literally means which of the following?
Correct Answer: B. To sit down near (the teacher)
The term implies the act of a student sitting near a spiritual master to receive confidential and profound knowledge. This etymology reflects the oral and intimate nature of philosophical transmission in ancient India. There are traditionally 108 Upanishads according to the Muktika canon.
The 'Panchatantra', a collection of animal fables with philosophical lessons, was written by?
Correct Answer: A. Vishnu Sharma
Vishnu Sharma composed the Panchatantra to teach political science and practical wisdom (Niti) to three young princes. It is one of the most translated non-religious books in history. The stories use animal characters to explain complex human behaviors and social strategies.
Which Sikh Guru established the 'Khalsa' order in 1699 to protect the community from oppression?
Correct Answer: A. Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru, initiated the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib by introducing the 'Five Ks' for Sikh identity. He also declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. This transformation solidified the Sikh community as a distinct spiritual and martial force.
The 'Bodhi Tree' under which Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment is located in which modern Indian state?
Correct Answer: A. Bihar
Bodh Gaya in Bihar is the site of the Buddha's enlightenment and is the most sacred pilgrimage site for Buddhists. The current tree is believed to be a descendant of the original Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa). The Mahabodhi Temple complex at this location is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The 'Bhagavata Purana' is primarily focused on the life and teachings of which deity?
Correct Answer: B. Vishnu and his Krishna avatar
The Bhagavata Purana is one of the most popular Puranas and emphasizes the path of 'Prapatti' or total surrender to the Lord. It narrates the stories of the ten avatars of Vishnu, with a special focus on the early life and miracles of Krishna. It is a central text for the Bhakti movements in India.