Religions & Philosophy — Set 6
Arts & Culture · धर्म और दर्शन · Questions 51–60 of 60
How many schools of Indian philosophy are generally classified as 'Orthodox' (Astika) for accepting the Vedas?
Correct Answer: A. Six
The six Astika schools are Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. They are called orthodox because they acknowledge the authority of the Vedas as the source of truth. Each school offers a different perspective on logic, cosmology, and the path to liberation.
The ancient system of 'Charvaka' philosophy belongs to which category?
Correct Answer: D. Nastika (Heterodox)
Charvaka is a Nastika school because it rejects the divinity and authority of the Vedas. It is a materialistic philosophy that denies the existence of the soul and the afterlife. It represents the strong tradition of skepticism and free-thinking in ancient India.
The 'Yoga' school of philosophy is traditionally attributed to which sage?
Correct Answer: D. Patanjali
Patanjali is the author of the Yoga Sutras, which systematized yoga into a philosophical framework. This school emphasizes the practical methods of meditation and mental control (Samadhi). It is closely allied with the Samkhya school of thought.
Which school of philosophy is based on the interpretation of the Samhita and Brahmana portions of the Vedas?
Correct Answer: A. Mimamsa
Mimamsa, also known as Purva Mimamsa, focuses on the performance of rituals prescribed in the early parts of the Vedas. It believes that the accurate performance of these rituals leads to Dharma and prosperity. Sage Jaimini is the primary exponent of this school.
The term 'Vaisheshika' is derived from 'Vishesha', which refers to which concept?
Correct Answer: B. Particularity (Difference)
The correct answer is 'Particularity (Difference)'. The Vaisheshika school argues that the universe is made of distinct entities or 'particulars'. It focuses on the classification of the physical world into different categories of being. This school provides the metaphysical basis for the Nyaya system of logic.
In Buddhism, the 'Tripitaka' consists of how many 'baskets' of scriptures?
Correct Answer: D. Three
The correct answer is 'Three'. The Tripitaka includes the Vinaya Pitaka (rules for monks), the Sutta Pitaka (discourses of Buddha), and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical analysis). They are the primary scriptures for the Theravada school of Buddhism. They were originally passed down orally before being written in the Pali language.
The concept of 'Anekantavada', meaning the 'doctrine of non-absolutism', is a core principle of?
Correct Answer: C. Jainism
The correct answer is 'Jainism'. Anekantavada states that ultimate truth and reality are complex and have multiple aspects. No single statement can capture the entire truth of a phenomenon. This leads to the Jain practice of Syadvada, or considering all viewpoints.
Which sect of Jainism believes that monks should not wear any clothes to achieve complete detachment?
Correct Answer: A. Digambara
The Digambara (sky-clad) sect adheres to the strict rule of nudity for its monks to demonstrate total renunciation. They also believe that women cannot attain liberation directly in a female form. This branch is traditionally more prominent in South India.
The 'Upanishads' are also known as 'Vedanta' because they constitute which part of the Vedas?
Correct Answer: B. The end
The word Vedanta means 'the end of the Vedas' (Veda-anta). This refers to both their chronological position as the final layer of Vedic texts and their status as the peak of Vedic knowledge. They shift the focus from outer rituals to inner spiritual realization.
The 'Charvaka' philosophy accepts which of the following as the only valid source of knowledge?
Correct Answer: D. Perception
The correct answer is 'Perception'. Charvakas believe that only what can be directly seen or sensed is real. They reject inference and religious testimony because they cannot be verified by the senses. This makes their philosophy strictly empirical and worldly.