Temple Architecture — Set 3
Arts & Culture · मंदिर स्थापत्य · Questions 21–30 of 70
The temple style found in the Himalayan regions of Himachal and Uttarakhand is often called?
Correct Answer: D. Pahadi or Hill style
Hill temples often use wood and slate to withstand heavy snowfall. They frequently feature pent roofs or tiered tower structures known as Pagoda styles. Notable examples include the Hidimba Devi Temple in Manali.
Which part of the temple is often topped by a 'Kalasha' or sacred pot?
Correct Answer: A. Shikhara
The correct answer is 'Shikhara'. The Kalasha is the crowning element of the temple tower, symbolizing abundance and purity. It is usually made of metal, such as copper or gold. The installation of the Kalasha marks the completion of the temple construction.
The Thousand Pillar Temple at Hanamkonda was built under the patronage of which dynasty?
Correct Answer: C. Kakatiya
The Kakatiya style is noted for its star-shaped plans and richly carved black basalt pillars. This temple is dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu, and Surya. It represents the architectural peak of the Kakatiya kingdom in Telangana.
What is the primary material used in the construction of the temples at Hampi?
Correct Answer: A. Granite
Granite was abundantly available in the local landscape and provided extreme durability for the massive structures. The ruins of Hampi showcase the grandeur of the Vijayanagara Empire. Granite's hardness allowed for the creation of sturdy, long-lasting temples.
The Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir is built in which architectural style?
Correct Answer: C. Karkota
The correct answer is 'Karkota'. Built by Lalitaditya Muktapida, this temple is a synthesis of various influences including Gandharan and Gupta. It features a unique courtyard and a distinct fluted column design. It is considered one of the most important archeological sites in Kashmir.
The temple tank, an essential part of Dravida architecture, is locally known as?
Correct Answer: A. Pushkarini
A Pushkarini is a sacred water body used for ritual bathing before entering the temple. It is often rectangular with stone steps on all sides. These tanks also acted as effective rainwater harvesting systems for the temple complex.
The Lad Khan Temple at Aihole is an early example of which dynasty's architecture?
Correct Answer: A. Badami Chalukya
The correct answer is 'Badami Chalukya'. Aihole is known as the 'Cradle of Indian Temple Architecture' due to its numerous experimental designs. The Lad Khan Temple was originally perhaps a hall for rituals or meetings. It reflects the early experimentation with stone roofing in the 5th century.
The 'Meenakshi Amman Temple' in Madurai is famous for its 'Hall of Thousand Pillars'. Which dynasty gave it its current form?
Correct Answer: D. Nayaka
While its roots are ancient, the Madurai Nayakas greatly expanded the temple in the 17th century. The complex is world-famous for its massive and colorful Gopurams. Each pillar in the thousand-pillar hall is a unique masterpiece of sculpture.
Which temple architecture term refers to the stone balcony or window with lattice work?
Correct Answer: B. Gavaksha
A Gavaksha is a horseshoe-shaped arch or window used to decorate the walls of North Indian temples. It evolved from early Buddhist chaitya arches found in cave architecture. These motifs are used to create a rhythmic decorative pattern on the exterior.
The temples of the Pala and Sena dynasties in Bengal and Bihar are primarily made of?
Correct Answer: B. Terracotta and Brick
Due to the scarcity of stone in the alluvial plains, terracotta became the primary medium for artistic expression. These temples feature unique curved roofs called 'Bunglow' or 'Chala' styles. The Bishnupur temples are the most famous examples of this terracotta art.