Temple Architecture — Set 4
Arts & Culture · मंदिर स्थापत्य · Questions 31–40 of 70
The temple style that flourished in Odisha under the Kalingas used the term 'Pida Deul' for which part?
Correct Answer: C. Assembly hall roof
In Odisha, the square assembly hall (Jagamohana) usually has a pyramidal roof called a Pida Deul. The main sanctum tower with a curved profile is called a Rekha Deul. This distinction is a hallmark of the Kalinga architectural order.
Which temple complex in India is famous for its 'Musical Pillars' that produce different notes when tapped?
Correct Answer: B. Vittala Temple
The Vittala Temple at Hampi features 56 musical pillars in its Maha Mandapa. These pillars were carved from solid granite to resonate at specific frequencies. Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage site representing the peak of Vijayanagara art.
The entrance doorway of a Nagara temple is often decorated with figures of which two sacred rivers?
Correct Answer: A. Ganga and Yamuna
Ganga (on her crocodile) and Yamuna (on her tortoise) are carved on the doorjambs to symbolically purify the devotee. This tradition began during the Gupta period and became standard in North Indian temples. Their presence signifies the cleansing of one's sins before entering the sacred space.
The 'Gopuram' of a Dravidian temple is typically wider at the base and tapers toward the top. What is this shape called?
Correct Answer: C. Pyramidal
The pyramidal shape allows for a stable structure that can support its own massive weight. These towers are built in several stories, each smaller than the one below. They serve as landmarks that can be seen from several miles away.
Which of the following is a prominent feature of the Khajuraho temples?
Correct Answer: D. High Jagati (platform)
Khajuraho temples are built on high platforms that separate the sacred structure from the ground. They are known for their verticality and the series of shikharas that lead to the highest tower. This creates an effect of a mountain range, symbolizing the Himalayas.
What is the function of the 'Kirtimukha' motif often found in temple architecture?
Correct Answer: D. To ward off evil
The correct answer is 'To ward off evil'. Kirtimukha is a swallow-faced mythical monster that is used as a protective talisman. It is commonly found on the top of arches or doorways in both North and South Indian temples. It represents the all-consuming nature of time and the divine.
The 'Vaikuntha Perumal Temple' at Kanchipuram is a masterpiece of which dynasty?
Correct Answer: D. Pallava
Built by Nandivarman II, this temple is famous for its three-story vimana housing Vishnu in different postures. It also contains historical inscriptions and relief sculptures depicting the history of the Pallava dynasty. Kanchipuram was the golden city of the Pallavas.
The 'Dilwara' style of temple ceiling often features a central pendant known as a?
Correct Answer: A. Lotus pendant
The marble ceilings of Dilwara are carved into concentric circles with a magnificent hanging lotus at the center. This delicate carving is so fine that the marble appears translucent. It is considered one of the finest examples of stone carving in the world.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main styles of Indian temple architecture described in the Shilpa Shastras?
Correct Answer: A. Gandhara
The Shilpa Shastras recognize Nagara (North), Dravida (South), and Vesara (Hybrid) as the primary orders. Gandhara is an art style focused mainly on Buddhist sculpture rather than Hindu temple orders. These three styles cover the vast majority of temple structures across India.
The temples at Pattadakal are a UNESCO World Heritage site representing the architectural height of the?
Correct Answer: B. Badami Chalukyas
The correct answer is 'Badami Chalukyas'. Pattadakal features a unique cluster of both Nagara and Dravida style temples side by side. It was the location where the Chalukya kings were coronated. The Virupaksha Temple here is the grandest of the group.