Biology Basics — Set 2
Biology · जीवविज्ञान की मूल बातें · Questions 11–20 of 40
Which organelle serves as the primary storage area for water and nutrients in plant cells?
Correct Answer: B. Vacuole
Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole that maintains cell pressure. This pressure, known as turgor, helps the plant stay upright. Animal cells have much smaller and temporary vacuoles.
Which scientist proposed the 'Fluid Mosaic Model' of the cell membrane?
Correct Answer: A. Singer and Nicolson
Singer and Nicolson described the cell membrane as a flexible layer made of lipid and protein molecules. This model explains how substances move in and out of the cell. The cell membrane is also referred to as the plasma membrane.
Which pigment gives tomatoes and carrots their distinct red and orange colors?
Correct Answer: C. Chromoplast
Chromoplasts are plastids that store various pigments responsible for the colors of fruits and flowers. They help attract insects for pollination and animals for seed dispersal. Leucoplasts, by contrast, are colorless and store starch.
The term 'Biology' was first coined by which of the following?
Correct Answer: A. Lamarck and Treviranus
Lamarck and Treviranus introduced the term 'Biology' in the early 19th century. Aristotle is traditionally called the Father of Biology due to his early observations. Biology is defined as the scientific study of life and living organisms.
Which part of the cell is known as the 'Post Office' or packaging center?
Correct Answer: A. Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It consists of a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. Camillo Golgi discovered this structure in 1898.
Organisms that can synthesize their own food using sunlight are called?
Correct Answer: B. Autotrophs
Autotrophs like green plants use photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy. This process forms the foundation of almost all food chains on Earth. Blue-green algae are also examples of autotrophic organisms.
Which organelle is found in animal cells but is generally absent in higher plant cells?
Correct Answer: D. Centriole
Centrioles are part of the centrosome and play a key role in animal cell division. While plants divide their cells, they usually lack these specific centriole structures. Mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells.
Which of the following is the smallest unit of life capable of independent existence?
Correct Answer: C. Cell
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Every living thing is made of one or more cells as per the Cell Theory. Cells carry out all essential life processes like metabolism and reproduction.
What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?
Correct Answer: B. Lipid synthesis
The Smooth ER is responsible for producing lipids and detoxifying harmful chemicals. It lacks the ribosomes that give the Rough ER its bumpy appearance. SER is abundant in liver cells to help filter toxins.
Which organelle is known as the 'Powerhouse of the cell'?
Correct Answer: C. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell. This process occurs through a series of chemical reactions known as cellular respiration. They are unique because they contain their own DNA.