Biology Basics — Set 4
Biology · जीवविज्ञान की मूल बातें · Questions 31–40 of 40
Which of the following is present in a plant cell but absent in an animal cell?
Correct Answer: C. Cell wall
Plant cells have a rigid outer layer called the cell wall for protection and support. Animal cells only have a flexible plasma membrane as their outermost layer. The cell wall is primarily made of cellulose.
The scientific name of an organism consists of which two taxonomic ranks?
Correct Answer: C. Genus and Species
Binomial nomenclature uses the Genus and the Species name to identify an organism. For example, the scientific name for the tiger is Panthera tigris. This system was popularized by the scientist Carl Linnaeus.
Which cell organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?
Correct Answer: A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Smooth ER produces fats and hormones while also cleaning toxins from the cell. It differs from the Rough ER because it does not have ribosomes on its surface. It plays a major role in the functioning of liver cells.
Who proposed the theory that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
Correct Answer: C. Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Virchow added this important final step to the Cell Theory in 1855. He used the Latin phrase 'Omnis cellula e cellula' to describe this concept. This idea helped explain how organisms grow and repair themselves.
What is the semi-fluid substance inside the cell membrane called?
Correct Answer: A. Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm holds the cell's organelles in place and is where most metabolic activities occur. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules. The portion excluding the organelles is specifically called the cytosol.
Which kingdom consists of organisms that are mostly unicellular and eukaryotic?
Correct Answer: D. Protista
Kingdom Protista acts as a link between prokaryotic monerans and complex multicellular eukaryotes. It includes a diverse group of organisms like algae, amoebas, and slime molds. Most protists live in moist or aquatic habitats.
Which organelle is called the 'Master of the cell'?
Correct Answer: C. Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center because it stores the genetic information required for cell function. It manages growth, metabolism, and the reproduction of the cell. It is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope.
What is the primary function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Correct Answer: C. Packaging and secretion
The correct answer is 'Packaging and secretion'. The Golgi Apparatus receives proteins from the ER and prepares them for their final destination. It adds finishing touches to molecules before they are shipped out of the cell. It is named after the Italian scientist who first described it.
Which of the following describes a prokaryotic cell?
Correct Answer: D. Lacks a nuclear membrane
Prokaryotic cells have DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm because they lack a nuclear envelope. They are generally much smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Bacteria and archaea are the two main types of prokaryotes.
Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?
Correct Answer: B. Gregor Mendel
The correct answer is Gregor Mendel. Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) is known as the Father of Genetics for his pioneering work on pea plant experiments that established the fundamental laws of inheritance — the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.