Biology Basics — Set 3
Biology · जीवविज्ञान की मूल बातें · Questions 21–30 of 40
Who is known as the 'Father of Taxonomy'?
Correct Answer: A. Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus developed the system of binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. This system uses two Latin names to identify every species uniquely. His work laid the foundation for modern biological classification.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a eukaryotic cell?
Correct Answer: C. Presence of membrane-bound organelles
The correct answer is 'Presence of membrane-bound organelles'. Eukaryotic cells have complex internal structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies. These compartments allow different chemical reactions to happen simultaneously. Animals, plants, and fungi are all made of eukaryotic cells.
The discovery of the cell nucleus was made by which scientist?
Correct Answer: C. Robert Brown
Robert Brown identified and named the nucleus while studying orchid cells in 1831. The nucleus is the control center that contains the cell's genetic information. It regulates activities like growth and reproduction.
Which of the following is the correct hierarchical order of biological classification?
Correct Answer: A. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
The hierarchy starts with the broadest category, Kingdom, and ends with the most specific, Species. This ranking system helps scientists organize and study millions of different organisms. Each level is called a taxon.
Which organelle is responsible for the process of photosynthesis in green plants?
Correct Answer: A. Chloroplast
Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight to make glucose. This process is essential for providing energy to the plant and releasing oxygen. They are considered a type of plastid found only in plants.
Which kingdom was proposed by Robert Whittaker to include all fungi?
Correct Answer: D. Fungi
Kingdom Fungi includes eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients from decaying organic matter. They are distinct from plants because they do not perform photosynthesis. Examples include mushrooms, molds, and yeast.
What is the basic unit of classification in biology?
Correct Answer: D. Species
A species is a group of individuals that can breed with each other to produce fertile offspring. It is the most specific level in the taxonomic hierarchy. All humans belong to the species sapiens.
Which cell organelle contains digestive enzymes used to break down waste?
Correct Answer: D. Lysosome
Lysosomes act as the cell's waste disposal system by digesting old cell parts. They are membrane-bound sacs filled with powerful enzymes. If a lysosome bursts, it can digest the entire cell.
Who coined the term 'cell' for the first time?
Correct Answer: A. Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke used the term 'cell' in 1665 to describe the box-like structures in cork. He thought they looked like the small rooms or 'cells' used by monks. His observations were published in a famous book called Micrographia.
Which molecule is known as the 'Energy Currency' of the cell?
Correct Answer: D. ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) stores and provides energy for various cellular activities. It is produced primarily in the mitochondria during cellular respiration. When a cell needs energy, it breaks down ATP into ADP.