Digestive System — Set 2
Biology · पाचन तंत्र · Questions 11–20 of 50
Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the absorption of water and salts?
Correct Answer: C. Large Intestine
The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter. This process helps in the formation of solid waste known as feces. It also houses beneficial bacteria that synthesize certain vitamins like Vitamin K.
Which enzyme is found in pancreatic juice and helps in the digestion of proteins?
Correct Answer: D. Trypsin
Trypsin continues the protein digestion process that began in the stomach. It is secreted by the pancreas as inactive trypsinogen into the duodenum. The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.
The process of taking food into the body through the mouth is known as?
Correct Answer: C. Ingestion
Ingestion is the first step of the digestive process involving the intake of food. Once inside, mechanical and chemical processes begin to break the food down. It is followed by digestion, absorption, and assimilation.
Which cells in the stomach lining secrete Hydrochloric acid?
Correct Answer: B. Oxyntic cells
Oxyntic cells, also known as parietal cells, are responsible for secreting HCl. They also produce intrinsic factor, which is necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption. Peptic cells, on the other hand, secrete pepsinogen.
The Sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of digestive juices into which part?
Correct Answer: D. Duodenum
The Sphincter of Oddi regulates the passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. It is located at the junction of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. Relaxation of this muscle allows juices to mix with food.
Which nutrient is primarily digested by the enzyme Lipase?
Correct Answer: B. Fats
Lipase breaks down emulsified fats into fatty acids and glycerol. While some lipase is produced in the stomach, the most potent version comes from the pancreas. Fats are the most energy-dense nutrients in the human diet.
What is the common passage for both food and air in the human body?
Correct Answer: B. Pharynx
The pharynx is a muscular funnel that leads to both the respiratory and digestive tracts. A flap called the epiglottis prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing. It is divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the small intestine?
Correct Answer: A. Caecum
The caecum is the first part of the large intestine and is connected to the ileum. The three segments of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The ileum is the longest segment of the small intestine.
Which organ produces the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar levels?
Correct Answer: D. Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin in specialized clusters of cells called the Islets of Langerhans. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood for energy. Failure of this process leads to a condition known as diabetes.
The semi-liquid mass of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called?
Correct Answer: D. Chyme
Chyme is the result of mechanical churning and chemical action in the stomach. It is highly acidic due to the presence of gastric juices. It is released into the duodenum in small quantities through the pyloric sphincter.