Plant Morphology — Set 2

Correct Answer: C. Morphology

Morphology deals with the physical features of plants like roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. It helps in the identification and classification of different plant species. Plant anatomy, by contrast, focuses on the internal cellular structures.

Correct Answer: C. Taproot

The taproot system features a primary root from which smaller lateral branches emerge. It is commonly found in dicotyledonous plants like mango and neem trees. This system provides better anchorage and reaches deeper water sources.

Correct Answer: C. Inflorescence

Inflorescence describes how flowers are grouped and positioned on the main stalk. It can be classified into broad categories like racemose or cymose based on growth. This arrangement is a key trait used in botanical classification.

Correct Answer: D. Mesocarp

The mesocarp is the fleshy middle layer of the mango fruit that we consume. The epicarp is the outer skin, and the endocarp is the hard stony part inside. Mango is classified as a drupe because of its single large seed.

Correct Answer: B. Xylem

Xylem is the vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves. It provides structural support to the plant through its lignified cell walls. Phloem, on the other hand, transports food materials throughout the plant.

Correct Answer: A. Stomata

Stomata allow the entry of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen and water vapor. Each stoma is surrounded by guard cells that regulate its opening and closing. They are mostly located on the lower surface of leaves to reduce water loss.

Correct Answer: D. Banyan tree

Adventitious roots develop from parts of the plant other than the radicle of the seed. In Banyan trees, prop roots hang from branches to provide additional support to the heavy canopy. Grasses and maize also typically exhibit adventitious root systems.

Correct Answer: A. Phyllotaxy

Phyllotaxy ensures that leaves are positioned to receive maximum sunlight for photosynthesis. Common types include alternate, opposite, and whorled arrangements. This pattern is often characteristic of specific plant families.

Correct Answer: A. Radicle

The radicle is the first part of a seedling to emerge from the seed during germination. It grows downward into the soil to establish the primary root system. The plumule, meanwhile, grows upward to become the shoot system.

Correct Answer: A. Filament

The filament is the slender stalk that holds the anther in a position favorable for pollen dispersal. Together, the anther and filament make up the stamen of the flower. The length and position of the filament can vary between species.