Plant Morphology — Set 4
Biology · पादप आकारिकी · Questions 31–40 of 40
Which tissue in plants is responsible for the transport of synthesized food from leaves to other parts?
Correct Answer: D. Phloem
Phloem is a complex tissue that moves organic nutrients like sucrose throughout the plant. This transport process is known as translocation and happens in multiple directions. Sieve tubes and companion cells are key components of the phloem.
The tiny leaf-like structures found at the base of the petiole are called?
Correct Answer: C. Stipules
Stipules are often found in pairs at the base of a leaf and can vary in appearance. They can be leaf-like, scaly, or even modified into spines for protection. Many plants, however, lack stipules entirely and are called exstipulate.
Which of the following is an example of a biennial plant?
Correct Answer: B. Carrot
Biennial plants like carrots grow vegetatively in the first year and flower in the second year. They store food in modified roots during the first season to support reproduction later. After producing seeds in the second year, the plant dies.
What is the stalk of a single flower in an inflorescence called?
Correct Answer: D. Pedicel
A pedicel is the small stalk that attaches an individual flower to the main axis of the inflorescence. The main stalk of the entire inflorescence is called a peduncle. Flowers without a pedicel are referred to as sessile flowers.
In which part of the plant are pneumatophores commonly found?
Correct Answer: B. Mangrove plants
Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots that grow upward out of the water or mud. They are found in mangrove species like Rhizophora that live in oxygen-poor swampy soils. These roots have tiny pores called lenticels for gas exchange.
The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud with respect to other members is?
Correct Answer: B. Aestivation
Aestivation helps scientists identify plant families based on how the flower parts overlap in the bud. Common types include valvate, twisted, and imbricate aestivation. This arrangement occurs before the flower actually opens.
Which plant organ is primarily modified in Pitcher plants to capture insects?
Correct Answer: A. Leaf
In pitcher plants, the leaf lamina is modified into a pitcher-like structure with a lid. These plants use the captured insects to obtain nitrogen in nutrient-poor soils. This is an extreme example of leaf modification for a carnivorous lifestyle.
What is the swollen tip of the flower stalk that bears all the floral whorls called?
Correct Answer: D. Thalamus
The thalamus or receptacle is the base upon which the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium sit. In some fruits like apples, the thalamus becomes fleshy and edible. It serves as the physical platform for the reproductive organs.
Which part of the seed contains the stored food for the developing embryo?
Correct Answer: D. Cotyledon
Cotyledons are the primary seed leaves that provide nutrients until the seedling can perform photosynthesis. Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two. In some seeds like wheat, the endosperm serves as the main food storage.
The central pillar-like structure in a flower consisting of the ovary, style, and stigma is the?
Correct Answer: B. Pistil
The pistil is the collective term for the female reproductive part of the flower. It can be made up of one or more carpels. Successful fertilization in the pistil leads to the development of fruits and seeds.