Organic Basics — Set 1
Chemistry · कार्बनिक रसायन · Questions 1–10 of 50
Which of the following describes the ability of carbon atoms to form long chains with other carbon atoms?
Correct Answer: A. Catenation
Catenation is the unique ability of carbon to form stable covalent bonds with itself. This property allows for the formation of a vast variety of organic molecules. Other elements like silicon show this property but to a much lesser extent.
What is the general formula for the homologous series of Alkenes?
Correct Answer: C. CnH2n
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond between carbon atoms. The general formula CnH2n represents this group starting from Ethene. These compounds are also known as olefins because they form oily liquids upon reaction with halogens.
Which organic compound is commonly known as 'Marsh Gas'?
Correct Answer: A. Methane
Methane is called marsh gas because it is produced by the anaerobic decay of organic matter in swamps. It is the simplest alkane and the primary component of natural gas. This gas is also found in coal mines where it can cause explosions.
The reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to form a fruity-smelling compound is called?
Correct Answer: A. Esterification
Esterification produces esters, which are compounds known for their pleasant fruit-like odors. This reaction typically occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst like sulfuric acid. Esters are widely used in the perfume and food flavoring industries.
Which scientist disproved the 'Vital Force Theory' by synthesizing urea in a laboratory?
Correct Answer: B. Friedrich Wöhler
Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate, an inorganic compound, in 1828. This experiment proved that organic compounds could be made outside living organisms. It is considered the starting point of modern organic chemistry.
What is the hybridisation of carbon atoms in a diamond crystal?
Correct Answer: D. sp3
In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four others in a tetrahedral arrangement using sp3 orbitals. This strong three-dimensional network makes diamond the hardest natural substance. Diamond is a pure allotrope of carbon and does not conduct electricity.
Which of the following functional groups is characteristic of organic aldehydes?
Correct Answer: D. -CHO
The aldehyde group (-CHO) consists of a carbonyl center bonded to a hydrogen atom. Formaldehyde is the simplest member of this group and is used as a preservative. Aldehydes are generally named with the suffix '-al' in the IUPAC system.
Which hydrocarbon gas is used for the artificial ripening of green fruits?
Correct Answer: C. Ethylene
Ethylene is a plant hormone that triggers the ripening process in fruits. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond between two carbon atoms. It is also a vital raw material in the production of polyethylene plastic.
The industrial process of converting vegetable oils into vanaspati ghee involves?
Correct Answer: D. Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation adds hydrogen to unsaturated fats in the presence of a nickel catalyst. This process turns liquid oils into semi-solid fats. It increases the shelf life and stability of the product at room temperature.
Which organic acid is primarily found in vinegar?
Correct Answer: C. Acetic acid
Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid, typically containing 4% to 8% by volume. It is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria. Its chemical name in the IUPAC system is ethanoic acid.