Organic Basics — Set 2
Chemistry · कार्बनिक रसायन · Questions 11–20 of 50
What is the common name of the aromatic hydrocarbon Benzene's simplest derivative with a methyl group?
Correct Answer: D. Toluene
Toluene consists of a benzene ring where one hydrogen is replaced by a methyl group. It is widely used as an industrial solvent and a precursor to TNT. It occurs naturally in crude oil and is produced during the refining process.
Which type of isomerism occurs due to the difference in the arrangement of atoms in space?
Correct Answer: A. Stereoisomerism
Stereoisomerism involves molecules with the same formula but different spatial orientations. This includes geometric (cis-trans) and optical isomerism. These isomers often have very different biological activities in living systems.
Which alcohol is known as 'Wood Spirit'?
Correct Answer: C. Methanol
Methanol was traditionally obtained by the destructive distillation of wood. It is a highly toxic liquid that can cause blindness or death if ingested. Today, it is used as a solvent and as a clean-burning fuel.
What is the primary constituent of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) used in homes?
Correct Answer: B. Butane
Butane is the main component of LPG, often mixed with some propane. It is easily liquefied under pressure for storage in cylinders. Ethyl mercaptan is added to it to provide a distinct smell for leak detection.
Which organic compound is used as a standard for determining the 'Octane Number' of fuels?
Correct Answer: A. iso-Octane
Iso-octane is assigned an octane rating of 100 because it burns smoothly in engines. A fuel's octane number indicates its resistance to engine knocking. Conversely, n-heptane is assigned a value of zero on this scale.
The process of heating coal in the absence of air to obtain coal tar and coke is?
Correct Answer: C. Destructive distillation
Destructive distillation involves the chemical decomposition of organic matter by heat. This process produces coal gas, coal tar, and solid coke from coal. Coal tar is a rich source of many aromatic organic compounds.
Which of the following is a natural polymer?
Correct Answer: C. Cellulose
Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that forms the structural component of plant cell walls. It is a polymer made up of repeating glucose units. It is the most abundant organic polymer found on Earth.
What is the functional group present in Ketones?
Correct Answer: C. -CO-
Ketones contain a carbonyl group (-CO-) bonded to two carbon atoms. Acetone is the simplest ketone and is used as a nail polish remover. They are characterized by the carbonyl group being within the carbon chain.
Which compound is known as 'Oil of Wintergreen'?
Correct Answer: D. Methyl salicylate
Methyl salicylate is an ester naturally produced by many species of plants. It has a characteristic minty smell and is used in pain-relief ointments. It is synthesized by the reaction of salicylic acid and methanol.
Which gas is released during the fermentation of sugar by yeast?
Correct Answer: B. Carbon dioxide
Yeast breaks down sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide during fermentation. This process is used in the brewing industry and to make bread rise. Fermentation is a biochemical process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.