NITI Aayog & Planning — Set 7
Economy Advanced · नीति आयोग और नियोजन · Questions 61–70 of 120
The 'Ninth Five Year Plan' (1997-2002) focused on which approach?
Correct Answer: B. Growth with Social Justice and Equity
The Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002) had the theme 'Growth with Social Justice and Equity'. It targeted 7% GDP growth but achieved only 5.5% partly due to the East Asian financial crisis of 1997. The plan emphasized growth that benefits the poor and marginalized sections. It also introduced the Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana for village-level development.
The 'Tenth Five Year Plan' (2002-07) targeted a GDP growth of:
Correct Answer: C. 8%
The Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) targeted 8% GDP growth and achieved approximately 7.6%, which was impressive. The plan set Monitorable Development Targets (MDTs) — specific measurable goals for key human development indicators. It was the first plan to explicitly set targets for reducing poverty, improving literacy, and reducing infant mortality. The plan was formulated under the NDA government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
The National Institution for Transforming India Aayog (NITI Aayog) has its headquarters at:
Correct Answer: B. Yojana Bhawan, New Delhi
NITI Aayog is headquartered at Yojana Bhawan, New Delhi. Interestingly, this is the same building that housed the Planning Commission, which NITI Aayog replaced. The name 'Yojana Bhawan' (Planning Building) reflects its historical association with India's planning process. The address is Sansad Marg, New Delhi, near Parliament House.
The 'Atal Incubation Centres' (AICs) under AIM support:
Correct Answer: C. Startups and entrepreneurs
Atal Incubation Centres (AICs) under the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) of NITI Aayog support startups and entrepreneurs across various sectors. They provide physical infrastructure, mentoring, networking, and funding to early-stage startups. AICs are established in existing institutions and universities across India. They are expected to incubate 10-20 startups per year and help them scale.
Which Five Year Plan first explicitly addressed environmental sustainability?
Correct Answer: A. Seventh Plan
The Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90) first explicitly addressed environmental sustainability as part of the planning process. It included a chapter on environment and ecology, acknowledging the need for sustainable development. This was influenced by the global momentum following the Stockholm Conference (1972) and the Brundtland Commission report 'Our Common Future' (1987). Subsequent plans increasingly integrated environmental concerns.
The 'National Development Council' (NDC) was constituted in:
Correct Answer: B. 1952
The National Development Council (NDC) was constituted on August 6, 1952. It was created to associate states in the planning process and ensure cooperation between the Centre and states. The NDC was chaired by the Prime Minister and included all Chief Ministers. It was the apex body that approved Five Year Plans after the Planning Commission prepared them. With the dissolution of the Planning Commission, the NITI Aayog's Governing Council has taken on a similar role.
Which body monitors the progress of centrally sponsored schemes after NITI Aayog replaced Planning Commission?
Correct Answer: C. NITI Aayog through its monitoring framework
NITI Aayog monitors the progress of centrally sponsored schemes through its monitoring and evaluation framework. It has a dedicated division for this purpose. NITI Aayog also developed the Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO). This provides systematic monitoring of government schemes and programs. The findings are used to improve scheme design and implementation.
The 'Import Substitution Industrialization' strategy in India's planning era was based on:
Correct Answer: A. Producing domestically what was previously imported
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) strategy aimed at producing domestically what was previously imported, reducing dependence on foreign goods. India followed ISI from the 1950s through the 1980s, supported by high tariffs, import licensing, and foreign exchange controls. The Industrial Policy Resolutions of 1948 and 1956 promoted this strategy through public sector expansion. The 1991 reforms shifted India toward export-led growth.
The NITI Aayog's 'Good Governance Index' was launched in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2019
NITI Aayog launched the Good Governance Index (GGI) on Good Governance Day, December 25, 2019 (birth anniversary of former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee). It assesses the state of governance across all states and UTs. The index covers 10 sectors including agriculture, commerce, human resource development, public health, and judiciary. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Gujarat have ranked among the top performers.
India's planning model has been described as a 'Mixed Economy'. This means:
Correct Answer: C. Both public and private sector coexist
India's mixed economy model meant both public sector and private sector enterprises coexisted, with the government playing a significant role in strategic sectors. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 divided industries into Schedule A (exclusively public), Schedule B (mixed), and Schedule C (private). The 1991 reforms significantly reduced the public sector's exclusive domain. Today, India operates largely as a market economy with government regulation.