ILO & International Labour — Set 11

Correct Answer: B. Turin, Italy

The International Training Centre of the ILO (ITC-ILO) is located in Turin, Italy. It was established in 1964 as a joint entity of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the ILO, and later became a joint entity of the ILO and the Italian Government. The ITC-ILO provides training and related services for the sustainable development of human resources and institutions, covering topics such as labour administration, social protection, enterprise development, and sustainable development. It trains government officials, managers, employers' and workers' organisations' representatives, and development practitioners from around the world.

Correct Answer: B. Social justice and humane conditions of labour

The ILO's Constitution states that the organisation's mandate is to pursue social justice and humane conditions of labour. The Preamble explicitly states that the ILO was established to improve conditions of labour, including working hours, the labour supply, wages, occupational diseases, accident prevention, and freedom of association. The overarching goal is the promotion of social justice as the foundation for universal and lasting peace. This mandate guides all of the ILO's work on international labour standards, technical cooperation, and research.

Correct Answer: B. Philadelphia Declaration (1944)

The principle 'poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere' is from the Declaration of Philadelphia (1944), which was adopted during the ILO's 26th session and subsequently annexed to the ILO Constitution. This statement reflects the ILO's recognition that social and economic conditions are interconnected across countries, and that allowing poverty to persist in any part of the world ultimately undermines prosperity globally. This principle underpins the ILO's work on international labour standards, social protection, and decent work, recognising these as global public goods rather than concerns limited to individual nations.

Correct Answer: B. Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations

The Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEACR) is the main publication through which the ILO's supervisory findings on international labour standards are reported. The report, published annually, contains the committee's observations and direct requests to governments concerning their compliance with ratified conventions. The report is presented to the International Labour Conference each year. It is one of the most authoritative sources of information on the implementation of international labour standards globally.

Correct Answer: B. All forms of slavery, child prostitution, and using children in illicit activities

ILO Convention No. 182 defines the worst forms of child labour as including all forms of slavery or similar practices (such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage, serfdom, and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment for armed conflict), child prostitution and pornography, using children for illicit activities (particularly for the production and trafficking of drugs), and work that is likely to harm the health, safety, or morals of children. These worst forms are distinguished from other forms of child labour by their severity and the need for immediate action to eliminate them. Convention No. 182 has achieved near-universal ratification among ILO members.

Correct Answer: B. Convention No. 100 (Equal Remuneration)

ILO Convention No. 100 on Equal Remuneration (1951) is central to the ILO's approach to gender equality at work. It requires member states to ensure the application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value. This convention is one of the eight fundamental conventions of the ILO and has been widely ratified. Convention No. 111 on Discrimination also addresses gender equality by prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation based on sex. Together, these conventions form the core of the ILO's framework for gender equality in the workplace.

Correct Answer: A. Trends and gaps in social protection coverage globally

The ILO's World Social Protection Report analyses trends and gaps in social protection coverage globally, including social security, health insurance, unemployment benefits, maternity protection, and pensions. The report is published periodically and provides comprehensive data on social protection systems in countries around the world. It assesses progress towards universal social protection and identifies areas where coverage is lacking, particularly in developing countries. The report informs the work of governments, international organisations, and other stakeholders in expanding social protection systems.

Correct Answer: B. Understand the changes reshaping the world of work and their implications for workers

The ILO's Future of Work Initiative, launched in 2015 to mark the ILO's centenary in 2019, aimed to understand the major changes reshaping the world of work and their implications for workers, including technological change (robotics and artificial intelligence), globalisation, climate change, and demographic shifts. The initiative included four Centenary Conversations, a Global Commission on the Future of Work, and extensive consultations with member states and social partners. The findings of the initiative informed the ILO Centenary Declaration adopted in 2019. The initiative contributed significantly to global discussions about the impact of technology on jobs and the need for adaptive social protection systems.

Correct Answer: A. Convention No. 26

ILO Convention No. 26 (1928) deals with Minimum Wage-Fixing Machinery and requires member states to establish machinery for fixing minimum wages in trades or parts of trades where no effective arrangements exist for regulating wages by collective agreement. This was followed by Convention No. 131 (1970) on Minimum Wage Fixing, which extended the scope of minimum wage protection and required member states to fix minimum wages for all employed persons (with limited exceptions). India ratified Convention No. 26 in 1955 and uses the statutory minimum wage framework established under various labour laws.

Correct Answer: A. One fundamental right every year in four-year cycle

Under the follow-up to the 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, the ILO was required to produce a Global Report covering one of the four fundamental principles and rights at work every year in a four-year cycle. The four categories covered were: freedom of association and collective bargaining, forced labour, child labour, and discrimination. Each year's report provided a dynamic global picture of the state of implementation of the relevant fundamental right. This reporting cycle was later replaced by a more comprehensive review mechanism as part of the strengthened follow-up to the 1998 Declaration.