ILO & International Labour — Set 2

Correct Answer: C. Three times

The ILO Governing Body meets three times a year, typically in March, June, and November in Geneva. It is the executive council of the ILO and is responsible for setting the ILO's policy agenda, deciding on the budget, and drawing up the programme of work. The Governing Body also appoints the Director-General of the ILO. It consists of 56 titular members: 28 government members, 14 employer members, and 14 worker members.

Correct Answer: C. 8

The ILO has 8 Core or Fundamental Conventions that cover fundamental principles and rights at work. These eight conventions address freedom of association, right to collective bargaining, forced labour, abolition of forced labour, minimum age for employment, worst forms of child labour, equal remuneration, and discrimination in employment. All ILO member states are expected to respect the principles in these conventions, regardless of whether they have ratified them. The Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) reaffirmed the importance of these fundamental conventions.

Correct Answer: B. Freedom of Association

ILO Convention No. 87, adopted in 1948, deals with Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise. It guarantees workers and employers the right to establish and join organisations of their own choosing. The convention is one of the eight fundamental conventions of the ILO and forms the bedrock of collective labour relations. India has not ratified Convention No. 87, which has been a subject of discussion regarding India's compliance with fundamental labour standards.

Correct Answer: C. Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining

ILO Convention No. 98, adopted in 1949, deals with the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining. It protects workers against acts of anti-union discrimination and ensures that workers' and employers' organisations are not subjected to acts of interference by each other. This convention complements Convention No. 87 on Freedom of Association. India has not ratified Convention No. 98, which concerns international labour relations observers.

Correct Answer: B. Forced Labour

ILO Convention No. 29, adopted in 1930, deals with Forced or Compulsory Labour. It requires the suppression of all forms of forced or compulsory labour. The convention defines forced labour as all work or service exacted from any person under the threat of a penalty and which the person has not offered to perform voluntarily. India ratified Convention No. 29 in 1954, demonstrating its commitment to eliminating forced labour practices.

Correct Answer: C. Convention No. 105

ILO Convention No. 105, adopted in 1957, deals with the Abolition of Forced Labour. It prohibits the use of any form of forced or compulsory labour as a means of political coercion or education, punishment for expressing political or ideological views, mobilisation of labour for economic development, labour discipline, and racial, social, national, or religious discrimination. India ratified Convention No. 105 in 2000. This convention works in tandem with Convention No. 29 to comprehensively address forced labour globally.

Correct Answer: B. Minimum Age for Employment

ILO Convention No. 138, adopted in 1973, deals with the Minimum Age for Admission to Employment. It aims to ensure the effective abolition of child labour and requires member states to set a minimum age for admission to employment not less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling, and generally not less than 15 years. Countries whose economy and educational facilities are insufficiently developed may initially specify a minimum age of 14 years. India ratified Convention No. 138 in 2017.

Correct Answer: D. Convention No. 182

ILO Convention No. 182, adopted in 1999, addresses the Worst Forms of Child Labour. It requires immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour, including all forms of slavery, child prostitution and pornography, using children for illicit activities, and work likely to harm the health, safety, or morals of children. Convention No. 182 is one of the most widely ratified ILO conventions. India ratified Convention No. 182 in 2017, reaffirming its commitment to eradicating the worst forms of child labour.

Correct Answer: C. Equal Remuneration

ILO Convention No. 100, adopted in 1951, deals with Equal Remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value. It requires member states to ensure that the principle of equal pay for equal work is applied to all workers. This convention was one of the first to address gender discrimination in wages. India ratified Convention No. 100 in 1958 and has enacted the Equal Remuneration Act to give effect to this principle domestically.

Correct Answer: D. Convention No. 111

ILO Convention No. 111, adopted in 1958, deals with Discrimination in Employment and Occupation. It defines discrimination as any distinction, exclusion, or preference based on race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, or social origin that impairs equality of opportunity or treatment in employment. The convention requires member states to declare and pursue a national policy designed to promote equality of opportunity and treatment. India ratified Convention No. 111 in 1960.