Question 1

Which instrument is primarily used to measure the depth of the ocean?

Accepted Answer

Fathometer. A fathometer is a device used to determine the depth of water by utilizing sound waves. It works on the principle of echo sounding to measure vertical distances under the sea. One fathom is equivalent to a depth of six feet.

Question 2

What is the primary function of a Hygrometer?

Accepted Answer

Measuring humidity in the air. A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. It provides readings for relative humidity which is crucial for weather forecasting. Modern versions often use electronic sensors for higher precision.

Question 3

The 'Lactometer' is used to determine the purity of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Milk. A lactometer measures the specific gravity of milk to check its purity and cream content. It indicates whether milk has been diluted with water by observing how deep it sinks. The instrument is based on Archimedes' principle of buoyancy.

Question 4

Which instrument is used to measure the intensity of solar radiation?

Accepted Answer

Pyrheliometer. A pyrheliometer is designed to measure direct beam solar irradiance reaching the Earth. It uses a tracking mechanism to remain pointed at the sun throughout the day. This data is vital for solar energy research and climatology.

Question 5

A 'Sextant' is an instrument frequently used in which field?

Accepted Answer

Navigation. A sextant measures the angle between two visible objects, usually a celestial body and the horizon. It is a fundamental tool for sailors to determine their latitude and longitude. The name comes from the instrument's arc which is one-sixth of a circle.

Scientific Instruments — Set 1