Scientific Instruments — Set 5
Physics · वैज्ञानिक उपकरण · Questions 41–50 of 70
The 'Gyroscope' is an instrument used for what purpose?
Correct Answer: A. Determining orientation and angular velocity
A gyroscope consists of a wheel or disk that spins rapidly around an axis, helping maintain stability. It is used in navigation systems for aircraft, spacecraft, and modern smartphones to detect tilt. The principle of conservation of angular momentum allows it to resist changes in orientation.
Which instrument is used for measuring the pressure of gases?
Correct Answer: B. Manometer
A manometer is a device used to measure the pressure of a gas or liquid in a closed container. A simple U-tube manometer uses the height of a liquid column to indicate pressure differences. It is commonly used in laboratories and industrial gas pipelines.
Which device is used for detecting the presence of aircraft in the sky?
Correct Answer: B. Radar
Radar uses radio waves to detect the range, angle, and velocity of objects in the sky. It is indispensable for aviation safety, helping controllers manage the flow of air traffic. It can operate in dark, cloudy, or foggy conditions where visibility is poor.
Which instrument is used to measure the viscosity of liquids?
Correct Answer: B. Viscometer
A viscometer is used to measure the resistance of a fluid to gradual deformation by shear stress. It is crucial in industries like oil, paint, and food processing to ensure product consistency. High viscosity means the fluid is thick, like honey, while low viscosity means it's thin, like water.
What is a 'Sonometer' used for?
Correct Answer: A. Studying the frequency of vibration of strings
A sonometer is a laboratory instrument used to study the relationship between the frequency of a sound and string tension. It consists of a hollow wooden box with a wire stretched over two bridges. It demonstrates how pitch changes with the length and mass of a string.
Which instrument is used to measure the purity of water based on light transmission?
Correct Answer: B. Nephelometer
A nephelometer measures the concentration of suspended particles in a liquid or gas by light scattering. It is a standard tool for monitoring water quality and air pollution levels. The clarity of water is often described in terms of turbidity units measured by this device.
Which instrument is used to measure the expansion of materials due to heat?
Correct Answer: D. Dilatometer
A dilatometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the change in volume of a substance due to temperature. This is essential for material science to understand how structures react to thermal stress. It can be used for solids, liquids, or gases.
Which device is used to measure the power of an engine?
Correct Answer: B. Dynamometer
A dynamometer measures the torque and rotational speed of an engine to calculate its power output. It is frequently used in the automotive industry to test the performance of new engines. This device can also be used to measure the power required to operate a machine.
Which instrument is used to measure very low temperatures?
Correct Answer: B. Cryometer
A cryometer is a specialized thermometer designed to measure temperatures close to absolute zero. It is used in cryogenics, the study of materials at extremely cold temperatures. Conventional liquid thermometers are useless in these extreme ranges because the liquids freeze.
Which instrument is used to measure the density of liquids?
Correct Answer: C. Hydrometer
A hydrometer is used to measure the relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy. It consists of a weighted glass tube that sinks to different depths depending on the liquid's density. This instrument is commonly used in testing battery acid or alcohol content.