Revenue System & Tehsildar — Set 10

Correct Answer: A. Legal heirs who inherit land according to personal law after the death of a land owner

Waris refers to legal heirs who are entitled to inherit the land and property of a deceased person according to applicable personal law (Hindu, Muslim, or Christian personal law). After a land owner's death, the Waris must apply for mutation to get their names recorded in the revenue records as the new owners. Revenue authorities verify the legal heirship before completing the mutation. The order of inheritance and share of each Waris is determined by the relevant personal law.

Correct Answer: A. Land that is lying waste or uncultivated, classified as non-productive land

Banjar land refers to agricultural land that is currently lying waste or uncultivated and is not producing any agricultural output. Revenue records classify land by its use status, and Banjar (waste) is one such classification. There are two types: Banjar Jadid (new fallow - land that has not been cultivated for less than 3 years) and Banjar Qadim (old fallow - land not cultivated for more than 3 years). Land classified as Banjar contributes less or no revenue and its reclamation is encouraged through various government schemes.

Correct Answer: A. A tenant farmer who cultivates land belonging to another person in Rajasthan

Tewandar refers to a tenant farmer in Rajasthan who cultivates land owned by a zamindar or other landowner and pays rent either in cash or kind (crop share). Before zamindari abolition, Tewandars had limited security of tenure and could be evicted at the will of the landowner. After independence and land reforms, security of tenure was improved for Tewandars. Revenue records document Tewandari tenancies separately from owner-cultivation in the Khasra and Khatauni.

Correct Answer: A. Land taken under direct management of the government when rent is not paid or owner is absent

Kham refers to land that has been taken under the direct management (Khambari or Khamkashi) of the government or landlord when the regular tenant has failed to pay rent or when the land has fallen vacant due to the tenant leaving or dying without heirs. Under Kham management, the government or landlord manages the cultivation directly or through an appointed agent. Revenue records note the Kham status of such lands. This concept was important in the pre-land reform era.

Correct Answer: A. A consolidation scheme where scattered plots of a farmer are replaced with one or fewer compact plots

Chak Bandobast refers to land consolidation operations where a farmer's scattered small plots spread across a village are consolidated into one or a few compact blocks (Chaks) of equivalent area and quality. This helps improve agricultural efficiency by reducing the time and cost of managing multiple dispersed plots. Land consolidation was carried out in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh from the 1950s onwards. Consolidation schemes require updating all revenue records to reflect the new plot configurations.

Correct Answer: A. It refers to the area or acreage of agricultural land as recorded in the revenue documents

Rakba is a term meaning 'area' or 'acreage' used in revenue records to denote the measured extent of an agricultural plot or holding. The Rakba of each Khasra number is recorded in the revenue documents and forms the basis for calculating land revenue payable. Accurate measurement of Rakba is essential for fair revenue assessment and resolving boundary disputes. In computerized land records, Rakba is one of the key data fields that is maintained for each plot.

Correct Answer: A. A land reform where landless labourers were given Bega (fractional bigha) of land under Bihar land ceiling acts

In Bihar, following the implementation of Land Ceiling Acts, surplus land was acquired from large landowners and distributed among landless agricultural laborers. The amount of land given to each beneficiary was often a fractional Bigha (a Bega), which is a small but meaningful allocation for a landless family. The distribution was recorded in the revenue records with the new owner's name entered in the Khasra and Khatauni. However, many beneficiaries faced difficulties in actually getting possession of their allotted plots.

Correct Answer: A. A permanent register of rights that records details of all land holdings in a village

Khatauni Daima is a permanent register of rights in land maintained in some states that records all land holdings in a village with details of ownership, tenancy, and nature of land. Unlike the annual Girdawari records, the Khatauni Daima serves as the permanent basis for land rights. It is updated through mutation proceedings when ownership changes. The Khatauni Daima is an authoritative document for establishing land ownership and rights in legal proceedings.

Correct Answer: A. A lease deed accepted by a tenant acknowledging the terms of tenancy

Qabul-e-Ijara is a formal document or deed through which a tenant accepts and acknowledges the terms and conditions of their tenancy agreement with the landowner. It records details such as the nature of the land, rent agreed upon, duration of tenancy, and rights and obligations of both parties. In historical land records, Qabul-e-Ijara served as important evidence of the tenancy relationship. After zamindari abolition, formal tenancy deeds became less common as most tenants became owners of their land.

Correct Answer: A. Land other than government land, meaning privately owned agricultural land

Siwai Sarkari (meaning 'other than government') is a land classification term used in some revenue systems to distinguish privately owned agricultural land from government (Sarkari) land. In revenue records, different land parcels are classified by their ownership and use category. Siwai Sarkari land includes all privately owned agricultural holdings, residential plots, and other non-government land. This classification helps in distinguishing the revenue liability and legal rights applicable to different categories of land.