Revenue System & Tehsildar — Set 3

Correct Answer: A. Settlement with village communities collectively responsible for revenue

The Mahalwari system was introduced in the North-Western Provinces and Punjab where the village community (mahal) was collectively responsible for paying land revenue. The revenue was assessed on the entire village and the community decided how to distribute the burden among members. This system recognized the joint ownership of village land. It was different from Permanent Settlement in that revenue rates could be revised periodically.

Correct Answer: A. An officer assisting the Tehsildar in revenue functions

A Naib Tehsildar is a junior revenue officer who assists the Tehsildar in performing revenue functions at the sub-division level. They handle cases of mutation, partition of land, and other revenue matters under the supervision of the Tehsildar. Naib Tehsildars are often assigned charge of a sub-tehsil or circle within a tehsil. They play an important role in day-to-day revenue administration at the field level.

Correct Answer: A. A court that hears disputes related to land revenue and records

A Revenue Court is a quasi-judicial authority empowered to adjudicate disputes relating to land revenue, land records, and agricultural tenancy. Revenue Courts function at the tehsil and district level, with the Tehsildar and Collector having revenue court powers. Appeals from lower revenue courts go to higher authorities including the Board of Revenue. Revenue Courts apply revenue laws rather than civil procedure codes for most land disputes.

Correct Answer: A. The apex revenue authority at the state level for land and revenue matters

The Board of Revenue is the highest revenue authority at the state level that supervises the entire revenue administration including land records, land revenue assessment, and revenue courts. It hears appeals against decisions of Commissioners and Collectors in revenue matters. The Board of Revenue also frames rules and guidelines for the operation of the revenue system. In some states it is called the Revenue Board or Board of Revenue and Disaster Management.

Correct Answer: A. An annual crop inspection process conducted by the Patwari

Girdawari is the process of periodic crop inspection conducted by the Patwari or Girdawar during the Kharif and Rabi seasons to record the details of crops grown on each field. During Girdawari, the Patwari visits every field and records the names of cultivators, crops grown, and the area under each crop. This data forms the basis of agricultural statistics and revenue assessment. Girdawari records are maintained in the Khasra register.

Correct Answer: A. Division of jointly held land into separate holdings

Partition of land, known as Taqseem or Batai, is the process of dividing jointly held land into separate individual holdings according to the share of each co-sharer. A Partition case is filed before the revenue authority and the land is physically demarcated and separately recorded in revenue documents for each co-sharer. The Patwari makes new entries in the records after partition is complete. Partition proceedings must be confirmed by the Tehsildar or higher revenue authority.

Correct Answer: A. A supervisory revenue official who oversees multiple Patwari circles

The Kanungo is a supervisory revenue official who oversees the work of Patwaris in multiple villages or circles. The Kanungo verifies the land records prepared by Patwaris and checks the accuracy of Khasra, Khatauni, and crop inspection entries. They also assist the Tehsildar in conducting revenue proceedings and inspections. In some states, the Kanungo is called Revenue Inspector or Amin.

Correct Answer: A. A record of rights showing land ownership details in a village

Khatian is a land record document used in eastern Indian states like West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha that shows the plot-wise details of land ownership, area, nature of land, and rights of the land holder. It is equivalent to Khatauni used in northern states. Each Khatian has a unique number called a Khatian number. The Khatian is prepared during land settlement operations and updated during subsequent revisions.

Correct Answer: A. A unique number given to each plot of land in the village map

A Dag Number, also called Survey Number or Khasra Number in different regions, is a unique identification number assigned to each plot of agricultural land during land survey operations. The Dag Number helps in uniquely identifying every parcel of land and linking it to related records like Khatian, field maps, and crop inspection reports. No two plots in the same village can have the same Dag Number. These numbers are the foundation of the land registration system.

Correct Answer: A. An extract from the land record showing ownership and possession details

A Fard is a certified extract from the revenue records, particularly the Jamabandi, issued by the revenue authorities in Punjab and Haryana. It provides details of ownership, possession, and rights over a particular piece of land. A Fard is commonly required for obtaining bank loans, registration of property, and other legal transactions. The Fard can now be obtained online through state land record portals like Punjab's land records website.