Nobel Prize — Set 1

Correct Answer: C. Oslo

• **Oslo** = The Nobel Peace Prize is officially awarded annually in Oslo, Norway. • **Alfred Nobel's will** — This document specifically mandated the geographical distinction for the Peace Prize, separating it from other Nobel Prizes. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Geneva: Not the location for Nobel Peace Prize awards; Stockholm: Host city for all other Nobel Prizes, not the Peace Prize; Copenhagen: Not associated with Nobel Prize award ceremonies.

Correct Answer: D. Sveriges Riksbank

• **Sveriges Riksbank** = The central bank of Sweden, Sveriges Riksbank, established the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. • **1968** — The Economics prize was established in this year to commemorate the bank's 300th anniversary, in memory of Alfred Nobel. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Federal Reserve: The central bank of the United States, not involved in establishing this prize; European Central Bank: Central bank for the Eurozone, established much later than the prize; Bank of England: The central bank of the United Kingdom, not related to the Nobel prizes.

Correct Answer: C. 18-carat green gold

• **18-carat green gold** = Nobel Prize medals are primarily composed of 18-carat green gold, then plated with 24-carat gold for a bright finish. • **1980** — Prior to this year, Nobel medals were primarily made of 23-carat gold, indicating a change in composition. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Pure 24k Gold: While a layer of 24k gold is used for plating, it's not the primary composition; Sterling Silver: Silver is not the main material for Nobel medals; Platinum: Platinum is not used in the composition of Nobel Prize medals.

Correct Answer: D. Malala Yousafzai

• **Malala Yousafzai** = Malala Yousafzai became the youngest Nobel laureate, receiving the Peace Prize for her advocacy for girls' education. • **17** — She was only 17 years old when she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014, making her the youngest recipient ever. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Nadia Murad: A Nobel Peace Prize laureate, but not the youngest at 17; Greta Thunberg: A climate activist, often nominated but has not won a Nobel Prize; Lawrence Bragg: The youngest male Nobel laureate, not the overall youngest.

Correct Answer: D. Three

• **Three** = The maximum number of people who can share a single Nobel Prize in any category in one year is three. • **Three** — This specific number is a strict rule followed by the various Nobel awarding committees to ensure recognition of primary contributors. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Five: More than the maximum allowed number of recipients for a single prize; Two: While a prize can be shared by two, it's not the maximum; Four: Exceeds the maximum limit set for Nobel Prize sharing.

Correct Answer: D. 1895

• **1895** = Alfred Nobel signed his final will and testament, which established the Nobel Prizes, on November 27, 1895. • **November 27, 1895** — This is the exact date when Alfred Nobel formally dedicated the majority of his fortune to the creation of the five international prizes. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: 1890: Not the year Nobel signed his final will; 1888: Nobel was still alive and active, but this was not the year of his final will; 1901: The year the first Nobel Prizes were awarded, not when the will was written.

Correct Answer: C. Physics

• **Physics** = Marie Curie won her first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for her groundbreaking research on radiation. • **1903** — In this year, Marie Curie, along with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Chemistry: Marie Curie won her second Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, not her first; Biology: Marie Curie's research was not primarily in the field of Biology; Medicine: Her work on radiation was fundamental physics, not specifically medicine, though it had medical applications.

Correct Answer: D. Norwegian Nobel Committee

• **Norwegian Nobel Committee** = This committee is responsible for selecting the laureates for the Nobel Peace Prize, as specified in Alfred Nobel's will. • **Five** — The Norwegian Nobel Committee consists of five members who are appointed by the Storting, the Norwegian Parliament. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: UN General Assembly: The UN General Assembly is a major international body, but it does not select Nobel Peace Prize laureates; Swedish Academy: This body awards the Nobel Prize in Literature; Karolinska Institute: This institute awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Correct Answer: A. The Swedish Academy

• **The Swedish Academy** = This institution is responsible for selecting the Nobel laureate in Literature, a role it has held since 1901. • **1901** — The Swedish Academy has been responsible for the prestigious selection of the Nobel Prize in Literature since its inception in this year. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: The Royal Society: A scientific academy in the UK, not involved in Nobel Literature selection; UNESCO: A UN agency, not responsible for awarding Nobel Prizes; The Nobel Foundation: Manages the assets and administration but does not select laureates directly.

Correct Answer: B. Physics and Chemistry

• **Physics and Chemistry** = The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prizes in both Physics and Chemistry, along with the Prize in Economic Sciences. • **1739** — The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, responsible for two Nobel categories, was founded in this year as an independent scientific organization. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Medicine and Peace: These are awarded by the Karolinska Institute and the Norwegian Nobel Committee, respectively; Literature and Physics: Literature is awarded by the Swedish Academy, not the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Chemistry and Medicine: Medicine is awarded by the Karolinska Institute, not this academy.