Nobel Prize — Set 4

Correct Answer: C. World Food Programme

• **World Food Programme** = This international organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020 for combating hunger and preventing its use as a weapon. • **2020** — The year the World Food Programme (WFP) received the Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts against hunger. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: WHO: focuses on global health, not explicitly combating hunger; UNICEF: focuses on children's rights and well-being, not the primary agency for food assistance; Red Cross: provides humanitarian aid, but WFP is specifically mandated for food assistance on this scale.

Correct Answer: D. Mathematics

• **Mathematics** = This prominent academic field does not have a Nobel Prize category. • **Fields Medal** — This, along with the Abel Prize, is one of the prestigious awards often recognizing mathematicians. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Medicine: awarded for significant discoveries in physiology or medicine; Literature: awarded for outstanding works in an ideal direction; Chemistry: awarded for significant discoveries or improvements in chemistry.

Correct Answer: A. 2009

• **2009** = Barack Obama received the Nobel Peace Prize in this year for his efforts to strengthen international diplomacy. • **Fourth** — Barack Obama was the fourth US President to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: 2012: he was re-elected in this year, but did not receive the Nobel Prize; 2008: he was elected President in this year, but received the prize in his first year in office; 2015: this year is outside the period of his Nobel recognition.

Correct Answer: B. Jean-Paul Sartre

• **Jean-Paul Sartre** = This famous French philosopher refused the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964, stating that a writer should not become an institution. • **1964** — The year Jean-Paul Sartre famously declined the Nobel Prize in Literature. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Albert Camus: also a French Nobel laureate, but he accepted his prize in 1957; Simone de Beauvoir: a prominent French existentialist, but not the laureate who refused the Nobel; Michel Foucault: a major French philosopher, but not a Nobel laureate in Literature.

Correct Answer: C. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins

• **Watson, Crick, and Wilkins** = These scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. • **1962** — The year James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their nucleic acid discoveries. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Mendel and Morgan: pioneers in genetics, but not specifically for the DNA double helix structure; Darwin and Wallace: known for their work on evolution by natural selection; Pasteur and Koch: foundational figures in microbiology and infectious diseases.

Correct Answer: D. Physics

• **Physics** = John Bardeen is the only person to have won two Nobel Prizes in this category. • **1956 and 1972** — These are the years John Bardeen won his two Nobel Prizes in Physics, first for the transistor and then for superconductivity. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Chemistry: Marie Curie and Linus Pauling won two Nobel Prizes, but not both in Chemistry; Medicine: no one has won two Nobel Prizes solely in Medicine; Peace: Linus Pauling won one Peace Prize and one Chemistry Prize, not two Peace Prizes.

Correct Answer: A. Bachpan Bachao Andolan

• **Bachpan Bachao Andolan** = Kailash Satyarthi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, is known for founding and leading this movement dedicated to ending child labor. • **2014** — The year Kailash Satyarthi shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Malala Yousafzai. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Chipko Movement: an environmental movement in India; White Revolution: associated with increasing milk production in India; Green Revolution: refers to agricultural advancements leading to increased food production.

Correct Answer: B. Theodore Roosevelt

• **Theodore Roosevelt** = This individual was the first American President to receive a Nobel Peace Prize, awarded in 1906. • **1906** — The year Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in mediating the end of the Russo-Japanese War. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Woodrow Wilson: also won the Peace Prize, but later in 1919; Jimmy Carter: won the Peace Prize in 2002, much later; Franklin D. Roosevelt: was a significant president but did not receive a Nobel Prize.

Correct Answer: C. Academy Award (Oscar)

• **Academy Award (Oscar)** = George Bernard Shaw is one of the few people to win both a Nobel Prize and this other prestigious award. • **1925 and 1938** — These are the years George Bernard Shaw won the Nobel Prize in Literature and an Academy Award, respectively. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Grammy Award: primarily for achievements in the music industry; Pulitzer Prize: awarded for achievements in print journalism, literature, and musical composition, but less commonly associated with Nobel laureates for this specific 'double'; Olympic Gold Medal: a sporting achievement, unrelated to literary or cinematic awards.

Correct Answer: D. Ragnar Frisch

• **Ragnar Frisch** = He shared the first Nobel Prize in Economics with Jan Tinbergen in 1969 for their work on dynamic economic models. • **1969** — The year the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded, shared by Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Milton Friedman: a later Nobel laureate in Economics (1976); Friedrich Hayek: also a later Nobel laureate in Economics (1974); Paul Samuelson: another Nobel laureate in Economics (1970), but not the co-recipient of the first prize.