Endocrine System — Set 1
Biology · अंतःस्रावी तंत्र · Questions 1–10 of 60
Which gland is often referred to as the 'Master Gland' of the human endocrine system?
Correct Answer: D. Pituitary
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates the activity of several other endocrine glands. It is a small, pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain. Despite its small size, it produces hormones that control growth and reproduction.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the 'fight or flight' response during stressful situations?
Correct Answer: A. Adrenaline
Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for sudden physical action. It increases heart rate and blood flow to the muscles for immediate energy. This hormone is also known as epinephrine in many medical contexts.
A deficiency of which mineral in the diet can lead to the swelling of the thyroid gland, known as Goitre?
Correct Answer: C. Iodine
Iodine is an essential component for the synthesis of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Without sufficient iodine, the gland enlarges in an attempt to capture more of the mineral. Salt is often fortified with iodine to prevent this nutritional deficiency.
Which hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is produced by the Pineal gland?
Correct Answer: C. Melatonin
Melatonin secretion increases in the evening to signal to the body that it is time for sleep. Its production is influenced by the amount of light entering the eyes. The pineal gland is a tiny organ located deep in the brain's center.
Insulin and Glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, are produced by which organ?
Correct Answer: A. Pancreas
The pancreas acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland in the human body. The endocrine portion consists of the Islets of Langerhans, which secrete these vital hormones. Failure to produce sufficient insulin results in a condition called Diabetes Mellitus.
Which hormone is responsible for the reabsorption of water by the kidneys to prevent dehydration?
Correct Answer: B. Antidiuretic Hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) helps the body conserve water by reducing the amount lost in urine. It is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. Alcohol consumption is known to inhibit ADH, leading to increased urination.
The 'Islets of Langerhans' contain Alpha cells which secrete which specific hormone?
Correct Answer: B. Glucagon
Alpha cells produce glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels by triggering the liver to release stored sugar. This process ensures that the body maintains energy levels between meals. Insulin, by contrast, is secreted by Beta cells to lower blood sugar.
Which gland is found in the upper part of the chest and is involved in the development of the immune system?
Correct Answer: B. Thymus
The thymus gland produces thymosins, which aid in the maturation of T-lymphocytes for immunity. It is quite large in children but gradually shrinks after the onset of puberty. This organ plays a critical role in the body's defense against infections.
Exophthalmic Goitre, characterized by bulging eyes, is caused by the oversecretion of?
Correct Answer: A. Thyroxine
Thyroxine is the main hormone of the thyroid, and its excess leads to hyperthyroidism. This condition significantly increases the body's metabolic rate and causes physical changes. It is often referred to as Graves' disease in clinical settings.
Which hormone is often called the 'Birth Hormone' as it stimulates uterine contractions during labor?
Correct Answer: B. Oxytocin
Oxytocin is essential for the onset of labor and also facilitates milk ejection during breastfeeding. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It is sometimes referred to as the 'cuddle hormone' due to its role in social bonding.