Endocrine System — Set 2
Biology · अंतःस्रावी तंत्र · Questions 11–20 of 60
The parathyroid glands regulate the levels of which mineral in the blood?
Correct Answer: B. Calcium
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by acting on bones, kidneys, and the intestines. Proper calcium levels are vital for nerve transmission and muscle contraction. Humans typically have four small parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males?
Correct Answer: D. Testosterone
Testosterone is an androgen produced mainly by the testes in the male reproductive system. It promotes muscle growth, bone density, and the deepening of the voice during puberty. Small amounts of this hormone are also produced by the adrenal glands.
Cushing's syndrome is caused by the excessive production of which adrenal hormone?
Correct Answer: D. Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that helps the body respond to stress and regulates metabolism. Excessive levels lead to weight gain, high blood pressure, and a rounded 'moon face'. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of this hormone.
Which of the following hormones inhibits the release of Growth Hormone from the pituitary?
Correct Answer: D. Somatostatin
Somatostatin acts as a powerful inhibitory agent produced by both the hypothalamus and the pancreas. It helps maintain the balance of various hormones in the digestive and endocrine systems. It is also known as Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH).
Diabetes Insipidus, characterized by excessive thirst and urination, is related to the deficiency of?
Correct Answer: A. Vasopressin
Vasopressin, or ADH, is required for the kidneys to concentrate urine and conserve water. Without it, the body loses massive amounts of fluid, leading to severe thirst. This condition is distinct from common diabetes related to sugar levels.
Which hormone is secreted by the Corpus Luteum to maintain the lining of the uterus during pregnancy?
Correct Answer: B. Progesterone
Progesterone prepares the uterine wall for the implantation of a fertilized egg. If pregnancy occurs, it remains high to support the developing embryo. It is often called the 'pregnancy hormone' because of this vital role.
The deficiency of Growth Hormone during childhood results in which condition?
Correct Answer: C. Dwarfism
Dwarfism occurs when the anterior pituitary does not secrete enough growth hormone during the early years. This results in significantly shorter stature but often with normal body proportions. Medical treatment can sometimes involve supplemental growth hormone therapy.
Which gland secretes hormones that control the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the body?
Correct Answer: B. Thyroid
The thyroid gland produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) to regulate oxygen consumption. These hormones influence how fast the body uses energy and makes proteins. An overactive thyroid leads to weight loss, while an underactive one causes fatigue.
Which part of the brain controls the pituitary gland and links the nervous system to the endocrine system?
Correct Answer: D. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that signal the pituitary gland. It also maintains homeostasis by regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature. This connection is essential for the coordinated response of the whole body.
Which hormone is released by the heart to help lower blood pressure by reducing sodium levels?
Correct Answer: A. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is secreted by the heart's atria when blood pressure is too high. It promotes the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys, thus reducing blood volume. This represents an interesting endocrine function of a non-endocrine organ.