Endocrine System — Set 6
Biology · अंतःस्रावी तंत्र · Questions 51–60 of 60
Which gland is found on top of each kidney and is divided into a cortex and a medulla?
Correct Answer: B. Adrenal gland
The adrenal glands are vital for stress response and salt regulation. Each part of the gland produces different essential hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Their location above the kidneys is why they are also called suprarenal glands.
Which hormone is commonly used as a medicine to treat severe allergic reactions (Anaphylaxis)?
Correct Answer: B. Adrenaline
Adrenaline quickly opens the airways and increases blood pressure to counteract allergic shock. It is usually administered via an auto-injector in emergency situations. This reflects its natural role in providing an immediate body boost.
Which endocrine gland is the first to develop in the human embryo?
Correct Answer: C. Thyroid
The thyroid gland begins to form around the 24th day of gestation. It is essential for the early development of the brain and nervous system in the fetus. This makes maternal thyroid health critical during pregnancy.
Which hormone acts as a 'chemical messenger' to stimulate the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas?
Correct Answer: C. Secretin
Secretin is produced by the small intestine to neutralize the acid coming from the stomach. It ensures the environment in the intestine is safe for digestive enzymes to work. It was the very first hormone ever discovered by scientists.
What is the primary effect of the hormone 'Parathormone' (PTH)?
Correct Answer: D. Raising blood calcium
PTH increases the concentration of calcium in the blood by releasing it from bones. It also reduces the amount of calcium lost through the urine. Maintaining this balance is essential for skeletal strength and muscle function.
Which of the following is produced by the 'Beta' cells of the pancreas?
Correct Answer: C. Insulin
Beta cells are the most numerous cells in the Islets of Langerhans and they secrete insulin. Insulin allows cells to take up glucose for energy or storage. Destruction of these cells leads to Type 1 Diabetes.
The hormone 'Erythropoietin' is mainly produced by which organ?
Correct Answer: B. Kidneys
The kidneys sense low oxygen levels and release EPO to boost red blood cell production. This increases the blood's capacity to transport oxygen throughout the body. Athletes sometimes misuse synthetic versions of this hormone to enhance performance.
Which gland is responsible for 'biological clock' regulation and secretes melatonin?
Correct Answer: C. Pineal gland
The pineal gland receives information about light and dark cycles to time melatonin release. This helps synchronize our internal rhythm with the external world. It is a small, cone-shaped gland located in the brain.
A high level of which hormone in the blood is used as a test for pregnancy?
Correct Answer: D. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta shortly after implantation. It signals the body to maintain progesterone production to support the pregnancy. Most home pregnancy tests work by detecting this hormone in urine.
Which endocrine gland is located in the sella turcica, a bony depression at the base of the skull?
Correct Answer: A. Pituitary
The sella turcica provides a protective casing for the pituitary gland. This location is very secure, reflecting the gland's vital importance to life. It is connected to the hypothalamus by a small stalk called the infundibulum.