Endocrine System — Set 3
Biology · अंतःस्रावी तंत्र · Questions 21–30 of 60
Which hormone is responsible for the production of milk in the mammary glands after childbirth?
Correct Answer: C. Prolactin
Prolactin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate and maintain lactation. While oxytocin helps in the release of milk, prolactin is responsible for its actual synthesis. Levels of this hormone rise significantly during pregnancy.
Aldosterone, which regulates the salt and water balance in the blood, is produced by the?
Correct Answer: A. Adrenal Cortex
The adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids like aldosterone to maintain electrolyte levels. It signals the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium. This regulation is crucial for maintaining stable blood pressure and volume.
The hormone 'Calcitonin', which helps lower blood calcium levels, is produced by which gland?
Correct Answer: C. Thyroid
Calcitonin is produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland to counteract high calcium levels. It inhibits bone resorption and encourages calcium deposition into the bones. It works in direct opposition to the parathyroid hormone.
Which hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones?
Correct Answer: C. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is released by the anterior pituitary in response to signals from the hypothalamus. It acts directly on the thyroid gland to increase hormone production. Testing TSH levels is a primary way to diagnose thyroid disorders.
Addison's disease is associated with the underfunctioning of which gland?
Correct Answer: D. Adrenal
Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone. Symptoms include extreme fatigue, low blood pressure, and dark patches on the skin. It can be a life-threatening condition if not managed with hormone replacement.
Which hormone promotes growth of the long bones and general body tissues?
Correct Answer: A. Somatotropin
Somatotropin, commonly known as Growth Hormone, is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates cell division and protein synthesis in muscles and bone tissue. Proper levels of this hormone are essential for reaching adult height.
Which gland is located in the neck, just below the Adam's apple?
Correct Answer: A. Thyroid
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that wraps around the front of the trachea. It plays a central role in metabolic regulation throughout the human body. You can often feel this gland when you swallow.
Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow?
Correct Answer: D. Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO) is released when oxygen levels in the blood are low. It signals the bone marrow to produce more erythrocytes to carry more oxygen. This is why kidney failure often leads to anemia.
The hormone 'Glucagon' performs which specific function in the human body?
Correct Answer: B. Raises blood sugar
Glucagon converts stored glycogen in the liver back into glucose for the bloodstream. It acts during fasting or between meals when sugar levels drop. It prevents hypoglycemia, which could otherwise cause fainting or brain damage.
Which gland is considered a 'dual-purpose' organ because it has both exocrine and endocrine functions?
Correct Answer: D. Pancreas
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the intestine (exocrine) and hormones into the blood (endocrine). The hormone-producing cells are called the Islets of Langerhans. This unique structure makes it vital for both digestion and glucose control.