Environmental Acts — Set 2
Environment · पर्यावरण अधिनियम · Questions 11–20 of 60
The 'Hazardous Waste Management Rules' in India are framed under the authority of which act?
Correct Answer: A. Environment Protection Act
These rules are formulated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 to regulate the handling and disposal of toxic waste. They ensure that hazardous waste is processed in an environmentally sound manner. The rules apply to all occupiers, recyclers, and transporters of such waste.
Under the Air Act, 1981, which body has the power to declare an 'air pollution control area'?
Correct Answer: D. State Government
State Governments can declare specific regions as control areas after consulting with their respective State Pollution Control Boards. Within these areas, industrial emissions can be strictly regulated to protect public health. This helps in managing high-pollution pockets like industrial belts or congested cities.
The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), established under the Biological Diversity Act, is headquartered in which city?
Correct Answer: A. Chennai
The NBA was established in Chennai in 2003 as a statutory autonomous body. it performs facilitative, advisory, and regulatory functions for the conservation of biodiversity. Its presence ensures that foreign entities do not exploit India's genetic resources without permission.
The 'E-Waste (Management) Rules' were first introduced in India in which year?
Correct Answer: D. 2011
The 2011 rules were the first specific regulations introduced for managing electronic waste in India. They introduced the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). This means manufacturers are accountable for the safe recycling of their products at the end of their life.
In which year were the first 'Plastic Waste Management Rules' notified in India?
Correct Answer: A. 2011
The 2011 rules mandated the minimum thickness of plastic bags to be 40 microns to improve recyclability. Over time, these rules have been strengthened to eventually ban single-use plastics. They aim to reduce the environmental impact of non-biodegradable materials.
The primary objective of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is to?
Correct Answer: A. Undo historical injustice regarding land rights
This act recognizes the rights of forest-dwelling communities to the land and resources they have used for generations. It balances the needs of conservation with the livelihood of indigenous people. It also empowers communities to protect and manage their local forests.
The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification, which restricts industrial development near shorelines, was first issued in?
Correct Answer: D. 1991
The 1991 notification was issued under the Environment Protection Act to protect the fragile coastal ecosystem. It divides the coastal areas into four zones with varying degrees of development restrictions. The policy aims to protect livelihoods of fisherfolk while preserving the natural landscape.
Which constitutional amendment added the duty to 'protect and improve the natural environment' as a Fundamental Duty of citizens?
Correct Answer: A. 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment in 1976 added Article 51A(g) to the Constitution of India. It states that every citizen must have compassion for living creatures. This amendment also added the Directive Principle of State Policy regarding environmental protection.
The 'Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016' replaced the earlier rules enacted in which year?
Correct Answer: A. 2000
The 2016 rules replaced the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules of 2000. The new rules expanded the scope beyond municipal areas to include outgrowths and industrial areas. They emphasize waste segregation at the source into dry, wet, and hazardous categories.
Which organization has the primary responsibility to implement the Water Act and Air Act at the state level?
Correct Answer: D. State Pollution Control Board
State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) are the regulatory bodies responsible for monitoring industrial compliance with environmental standards. They have the power to grant or refuse consent to operate for industries. SPCBs work under the guidelines provided by the Central Pollution Control Board.