Environmental Acts — Set 3

Correct Answer: A. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Project Tiger was launched in 1973 based on the legal powers granted by the Wildlife Protection Act. The act provided the necessary framework to designate Tiger Reserves and protect the species from hunting. It is one of the world's most successful conservation programs for big cats.

Correct Answer: C. Rs 1,00,000 and five years imprisonment

Violations can lead to a fine up to one lakh rupees and a prison term of up to five years. If the violation continues, an additional fine of five thousand rupees per day can be imposed. This provision acts as a deterrent against industrial pollution and environmental neglect.

Correct Answer: D. Biological Diversity Act

The Biological Diversity Act of 2002 creates a three-tier institutional structure (National, State, and Local). SBBs handle matters relating to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity at the state level. Local bodies establish Biodiversity Management Committees to manage local resources.

Correct Answer: D. Environment Protection Act

ESZs are declared by the Ministry of Environment under the Environment Protection Act of 1986. They act as 'shock absorbers' or transition zones around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. Activities within these zones are regulated to ensure minimum disturbance to the core wildlife area.

Correct Answer: D. Can be hunted for a specific period

Schedule V of the original act listed animals designated as vermin which could be hunted under specific conditions. Recent amendments have restructured these schedules to enhance conservation. This designation is usually given to animals that cause damage to crops or spread diseases.

Correct Answer: A. Indian Forest Act, 1927

The Indian Forest Act of 1927 is a colonial-era law that still regulates the transit of forest produce. it allows the government to declare Reserved and Protected forests. It also defines what constitutes a forest offense and specifies the penalties.

Correct Answer: D. National Green Tribunal (NGT) rulings

The correct answer is 'National Green Tribunal (NGT) rulings'. The NGT uses the Polluter Pays Principle as a guiding rule for awarding compensation and damages. It ensures that the costs of cleaning up pollution are borne by those who caused it. This principle encourages industries to adopt cleaner technologies to avoid high fines.

Correct Answer: C. An Industrial Factory/Premises

An occupier is the person who has control over the affairs of the factory or premises where hazardous substances are handled. This definition is important for assigning legal responsibility in case of pollution or accidents. It ensures that top management can be held accountable for environmental compliance.

Correct Answer: C. 1992

Project Elephant was launched in 1992 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. It provides financial and technical support to states for wildlife management of their wild Asian elephant populations. The project also addresses the welfare of captive elephants.

Correct Answer: C. Environment Protection Act (60 days notice)

Section 19 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 allow any person to approach the court after giving a notice of sixty days. This provision empowers citizens to participate in environmental protection. It serves as a check against industrial negligence.