Environmental Acts — Set 6
Environment · पर्यावरण अधिनियम · Questions 51–60 of 60
Which 'GEMS' act is often called the 'Umbrella Legislation' for environment in India?
Correct Answer: C. Environment Protection Act, 1986
The Environment Protection Act of 1986 provides the framework for the Central Government to coordinate the activities of all other environmental agencies. It was enacted in response to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy to cover gaps in existing laws. Most specific rules like Waste Management are framed under this act.
In which 'GEMS' year was the first comprehensive Wildlife Protection Act passed in independent India?
Correct Answer: B. 1972
The Wildlife Protection Act was passed in 1972 and is the most important law for protecting biodiversity. It created various categories (Schedules) of protection for animals and plants. This act also prohibits the trade of rare species and products made from them.
Which 'GEMS' constitutional article makes it a duty of the state to protect and improve the environment?
Correct Answer: B. Article 48A
Article 48A was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy by the 42nd Amendment. It directs the state to endeavor to protect the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. This constitutional mandate guides the government's environmental policies.
The 'GEMS' body 'CPCB' was first constituted under which specific act?
Correct Answer: C. Water Act
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. It was later given additional powers under the Air Act of 1981. CPCB is the primary technical advisor to the Ministry of Environment.
In which 'GEMS' year was the National Green Tribunal (NGT) established?
Correct Answer: B. 2010
The NGT was set up in 2010 for the effective disposal of cases related to environmental protection. India is one of the few countries in the world to have a specialized judicial body for the environment. It is mandated to dispose of cases within six months of filing.
Which 'GEMS' act provides for the recognition of 'Gram Sabha' to manage forest resources?
Correct Answer: B. Forest Rights Act, 2006
The Forest Rights Act of 2006 empowers local Gram Sabhas to protect and manage their community forest resources. It was designed to undo the historical injustices faced by forest-dwelling tribes. This act balances environmental conservation with the human rights of indigenous people.
What is the 'GEMS' frequency of the 'All India Tiger Estimation' report published by NTCA?
Correct Answer: C. Every four years
The tiger census is conducted every four years to monitor the success of conservation efforts. The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) was created through an amendment to the Wildlife Act in 2006. These reports provide the most accurate data on India's wild tiger population.
Which 'GEMS' act was the first environmental legislation passed in independent India?
Correct Answer: B. Water Act
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 was the first major environmental law enacted by independent India. It aimed to maintain the quality of water in rivers and lakes. This legislation set the precedent for the technical monitoring of pollution.
The 'GEMS' project 'Project Tiger' was launched in which year?
Correct Answer: B. 1973
Project Tiger was launched on April 1, 1973, in Jim Corbett National Park. It was a flagship program aimed at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats. The project significantly increased the number of tiger reserves in India over the decades.
Which 'GEMS' schedule of the Wildlife Protection Act includes 'Vermin' that can be hunted?
Correct Answer: C. Schedule V
Schedule V lists animals that are considered vermin, such as common crows and fruit bats. These animals do not have the same legal protection as those in Schedule I and can be managed or hunted. This provision is used when certain species cause significant damage to agriculture.