Nobel Laureates — Set 4

Correct Answer: A. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

• **Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar** = He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his theoretical studies of stars. • **1983** — He received the Nobel Prize for his work, and the 'Chandrasekhar Limit' determines the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: C.V. Raman: discovered the Raman Effect; S.N. Bose: known for Bose-Einstein statistics; Homi Bhabha: known as the 'Father of the Indian Nuclear Programme'.

Correct Answer: C. Norman Borlaug

• **Norman Borlaug** = He is known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution' for developing high-yielding cereal varieties. • **1970** — He received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in preventing worldwide famine, saving over a billion people. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: M.S. Swaminathan: known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution in India'; Verghese Kurien: known as the 'Father of the White Revolution in India'; Louis Pasteur: known for pasteurization and vaccines.

Correct Answer: D. C.V. Raman

• **C.V. Raman** = He discovered that light changes its frequency when it passes through a transparent material, known as the 'Raman Effect'. • **1930** — He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his groundbreaking discovery of the Raman Effect. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: S.N. Bose: known for Bose-Einstein statistics; Homi Bhabha: known as the 'Father of the Indian Nuclear Programme'; Meghnad Saha: known for the Saha equation in astrophysics.

Correct Answer: A. Har Gobind Khorana

• **Har Gobind Khorana** = He shared the Nobel Prize for his research on how the genetic code determines protein synthesis. • **1968** — He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for deciphering the genetic code and its role in protein synthesis. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: won Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ribosome studies; Amartya Sen: won Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for welfare economics; Hargobind Singh: not a Nobel laureate.

Correct Answer: C. Amartya Sen

• **Amartya Sen** = He was recognized for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory. • **1998** — He won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on welfare economics, including research on famine and poverty. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Abhijit Banerjee: won Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2019; Raghuram Rajan: former RBI Governor, notable economist but not a Nobel laureate; Manmohan Singh: former Prime Minister and Finance Minister, notable economist but not a Nobel laureate.

Correct Answer: D. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

• **Venkatraman Ramakrishnan** = He shared the Nobel Prize for his work on mapping the atomic structure of the ribosome. • **2009** — He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his studies of the structure and function of the ribosome, crucial for new antibiotic development. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: C.N.R. Rao: renowned solid-state and materials chemist, not a Nobel laureate; Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar: known for establishing research laboratories in India; Har Gobind Khorana: won Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for genetic code deciphering.

Correct Answer: A. Muhammad Yunus

• **Muhammad Yunus** = He founded the Grameen Bank and pioneered the concept of microfinance to help the poor. • **2006** — He and the Grameen Bank won the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to create economic and social development from below. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Amartya Sen: won Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences; Abhijit Banerjee: won Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences; Kailash Satyarthi: won Nobel Peace Prize for child rights activism.

Correct Answer: A. Amartya Sen

• **Abhijit Banerjee** = He shared the Nobel Prize for his experimental approach to alleviating global poverty. • **2019** — He, along with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer, received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for pioneering randomized controlled trials. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Amartya Sen: won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for welfare economics; Esther Duflo: was also a co-recipient of the 2019 Nobel Prize, but Abhijit Banerjee is listed separately as an option; Other than listed: Michael Kremer was also a co-recipient, but Abhijit Banerjee is directly listed.

Correct Answer: C. Economics

• **Economics** = The Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was the last category to be added. • **1968** — This prize was established in this year by the Swedish central bank, nearly 70 years after the original Nobel Prizes began. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Literature: one of the original five Nobel Prize categories established in 1901; Peace: one of the original five Nobel Prize categories established in 1901; Chemistry: one of the original five Nobel Prize categories established in 1901.

Correct Answer: D. Oslo

• **Oslo** = The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony is held annually in Oslo, Norway. • **December 10** — This date marks the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, on which the Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo City Hall. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Stockholm: where the other five Nobel Prizes (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economic Sciences) are awarded; Vienna: capital of Austria, not associated with Nobel Prizes; Geneva: a major city in Switzerland, not associated with Nobel Prizes.