Economy & Agriculture — Set 4

Correct Answer: B. Abolition of zamindari and ceiling on agricultural land holdings

Haryana's land reform legislation, including the abolition of zamindari system (zamindari abolition acts) and imposition of ceiling on agricultural land holdings, aimed to redistribute land from large landlords to landless farmers. These reforms were implemented in the 1950s-60s as part of India's broader agrarian reform program. The ceiling on land holdings varied by land quality and family size. Land reforms in Haryana helped improve agricultural productivity by transferring land to actual cultivators.

Correct Answer: B. e-NAM (National Agriculture Market)

e-NAM (National Agriculture Market) is a pan-India electronic trading portal that aims to connect farmers directly with buyers through online trading platforms in APMCs. Haryana has integrated multiple mandis on the e-NAM platform to enable transparent price discovery for farmers. This reduces dependence on commission agents (arthiyas) who often exploit farmers. Haryana's progressive APMC reforms have been recognized nationally for improving farmer income.

Correct Answer: B. It is a peripheral expressway around Delhi that opens industrial corridors in Haryana

The KMP (Kundli-Manesar-Palwal) Expressway, also called Western Peripheral Expressway, is a 135 km ring road around Delhi passing entirely through Haryana. It has opened major industrial corridors and logistics hubs along its route in districts like Sonipat, Jhajjar, Gurugram, and Faridabad. The expressway reduces traffic congestion in Delhi and improves connectivity for industries. The KMP corridor is expected to attract large-scale industrial and warehousing investments.

Correct Answer: B. Karnal

Karnal hosts the Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR) under ICAR, which is India's premier institution for wheat research and development of high-yielding varieties (HYVs). The DWR Karnal has developed numerous wheat varieties like PBW 343, HD 2967, and WH 1105 that have dramatically increased wheat productivity in India. Alongside NDRI, these institutions make Karnal the country's most important agricultural research hub. The city also has the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) regional station.

Correct Answer: B. Combination of productive agriculture, industrial growth in NCR belt, and remittances

Haryana's high per capita income is driven by a combination of productive agriculture (Green Revolution beneficiary), massive industrial growth in the NCR belt (Gurugram, Faridabad, Manesar), and traditionally high remittances from army and NRI communities. The state has leveraged its proximity to Delhi to attract billions in FDI and domestic investment. Haryana soldiers (particularly from Jat, Ahir, and other martial communities) have historically served in the Indian Army, bringing in significant remittances. Together, these factors place Haryana among India's richest states per capita.

Correct Answer: B. Southern-western Haryana: Mahendragarh, Rewari, and Bhiwani

Southern-western Haryana, including Mahendragarh, Rewari, Bhiwani, and Charkhi Dadri districts, is the major bajra (pearl millet) growing belt. Bajra is a drought-tolerant Kharif crop well-suited to the semi-arid, rain-shadow conditions of this region. Haryana is one of India's top bajra-producing states along with Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Bajra is a traditional staple food crop in this region, consumed as rotis and bajra flour preparations.

Correct Answer: B. Integrated Manufacturing Cluster (IMC) at Manesar-Bawal

Under the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project, an Integrated Manufacturing Cluster (IMC) has been proposed at Manesar-Bawal in Haryana along the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor. This project aims to create world-class industrial townships with smart infrastructure. DMIC passes through Haryana's Rewari-Gurugram-Manesar belt, opening significant industrial development potential. The project would connect Haryana industries to JNPT (Mumbai port) through a dedicated freight rail corridor.

Correct Answer: B. Government-guaranteed floor price for agricultural produce ensuring farmers get minimum income

Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a government-guaranteed floor price announced by CCEA (Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs) to ensure farmers receive a minimum remunerative price for their produce. Haryana farmers, especially wheat and paddy farmers, benefit enormously from MSP as FCI procures their produce at MSP through government mandis. Haryana has one of the highest MSP procurement rates in India. The MSP-FCI-PDS chain that works efficiently in Haryana has made it a model for food security management.

Correct Answer: C. Karnal

Karnal is often called the 'Grain Bowl of Haryana' due to its location in the most fertile belt, massive grain mandi, and numerous FCI godowns. It lies in the Ghaggar-Yamuna doab (between rivers) region with highly fertile alluvial soils ideal for wheat and rice. Karnal's grain market is one of the largest in northern India by volume. The presence of NDRI, DWR, and other agricultural institutions further enhances the city's importance as an agri-hub.

Correct Answer: C. Karnal

Karnal is the center of Haryana's dairy industry, home to NDRI (National Dairy Research Institute) and several milk processing plants. Haryana is one of India's top milk-producing states, known for Murrah buffalo (world's best dairy buffalo) milk. The Haryana Dairy Development Cooperative Federation (HDDCF) operates under the Vita brand. Murrah buffaloes from Hisar district are in high demand globally for their exceptionally high milk fat content.