Revolutions — Set 2
Indian History · क्रांतियां · Questions 11–20 of 40
Who was the last Czar of Russia, overthrown during the Russian Revolution?
Correct Answer: C. Nicholas II
Nicholas II was the last Emperor (Czar) of Russia. He abdicated the throne in 1917 amidst the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and World War I. He and his family were later executed by the Bolsheviks.
The 'Young Turk Revolution' of 1908 aimed to reform which empire?
Correct Answer: B. Ottoman Empire
The Young Turk Revolution took place in the Ottoman Empire. It restored the constitution and sought to modernize the state's administration. This movement paved the way for the eventual formation of modern Turkey.
Which philosopher's ideas about the 'Social Contract' heavily influenced the French Revolution?
Correct Answer: C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy, particularly in 'The Social Contract', influenced the French Revolution. He argued that legitimate political authority comes from a social contract agreed upon by all citizens. His ideas inspired the revolutionary demand for popular sovereignty.
Toussaint Louverture was the leader of a successful slave revolution in:
Correct Answer: C. Haiti
Toussaint Louverture led the Haitian Revolution against French colonial rule. It was the only successful slave revolt in history that led to the founding of a state. Haiti became the first independent black republic in 1804.
In which year did both the February and October Revolutions occur in Russia?
Correct Answer: C. 1917
Both major phases of the Russian Revolution occurred in 1917. The February Revolution overthrew the Czar, while the October Revolution brought the Bolsheviks to power. These events led to the creation of the Soviet Union.
Who is known as the 'Iron Chancellor' who unified Germany through 'Blood and Iron'?
Correct Answer: A. Otto von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck was the Prussian statesman known as the 'Iron Chancellor'. He unified the German states into the German Empire in 1871. His policy relied on military strength ('Blood and Iron') and realpolitik.
The 'Boston Massacre' of 1770 was a key precursor to which conflict?
Correct Answer: B. American Revolution
The Boston Massacre was a confrontation where British soldiers killed five civilians in Boston. It fueled anti-British sentiment in the American colonies. This event significantly contributed to the outbreak of the American Revolution.
The 'Meiji Restoration' in 1868 marked the modernization and industrialization of:
Correct Answer: A. Japan
The Meiji Restoration restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868. It marked the end of the Shogunate and feudalism. This period launched Japan's rapid modernization and transformation into a world power.
The political treatise 'The Social Contract' was written by:
Correct Answer: C. Rousseau
The book 'The Social Contract' was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1762. It famously begins with the line, 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.' It discusses the legitimacy of political authority.
Who invented the 'Flying Shuttle', which sped up the weaving process?
Correct Answer: C. John Kay
John Kay invented the Flying Shuttle in 1733. It allowed weavers to weave wider fabrics and at a much faster speed. This invention was one of the earliest catalysts for the Industrial Revolution in textiles.