World Events — Set 2
Indian History · विश्व घटनाएं · Questions 11–20 of 50
Who founded the Fascist Party in Italy in 1919?
Correct Answer: B. Benito Mussolini
• **Benito Mussolini** = founder of Italy's Fascist Party in **1919**; became dictator 'Il Duce'. • **1922** — Mussolini's 'March on Rome' brought him to power as Prime Minister of Italy. • Signed the **Pact of Steel (1939)** with Hitler; Italy joined Axis powers in WWII. • 💡 Stalin = Soviet communist; Hitler = Nazi Germany; Franco = Spain's fascist — none founded Italy's Fascist Party.
Which book was written by Adolf Hitler outlining his political ideology?
Correct Answer: D. Mein Kampf
• **Mein Kampf** ('My Struggle') = book written by **Adolf Hitler** while imprisoned in 1924. • Outlined Hitler's **anti-Semitic** ideology and plan for German racial supremacy and expansion. • Hitler dictated it to **Rudolf Hess**; published 1925; became Nazi Party's ideological bible. • 💡 'War and Peace' = Tolstoy; 'Das Kapital' = Karl Marx; 'Communist Manifesto' = Marx & Engels — not Hitler.
World War II officially began when Germany invaded which country in 1939?
Correct Answer: A. Poland
• **Poland** = country invaded by Germany on **September 1, 1939**, triggering World War II. • Britain and France declared war on Germany on **September 3, 1939** in response. • Germany used **Blitzkrieg** ('lightning war') tactics — Poland fell within weeks. • 💡 Austria (1938) and Czechoslovakia (1939) were annexed earlier without triggering war — Poland was the trigger.
The United States entered World War II after the attack on which naval base?
Correct Answer: A. Pearl Harbor
• **Pearl Harbor** naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japan on **December 7, 1941**. • **2,403 Americans** killed; 8 battleships damaged — US Pacific Fleet crippled in the surprise attack. • USA declared war on Japan the next day; Germany/Italy declared war on USA December 11. • 💡 Guantanamo = Cuba base; Normandy = D-Day in France; Midway = later Pacific battle — not entry point.
The D-Day landings in 1944 took place on the beaches of which region?
Correct Answer: A. Normandy
• **D-Day** = Allied amphibious invasion on beaches of **Normandy**, France on **June 6, 1944**. • **156,000** Allied troops landed; 5 beaches: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword — Operation Overlord. • D-Day was the largest seaborne invasion in history; led to liberation of Paris by August 1944. • 💡 Sicily = Allied invasion of Italy (1943); Provence = separate southern France landing; Dunkirk = 1940 evacuation.
Which two cities were targeted by atomic bombs in August 1945?
Correct Answer: B. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• **Hiroshima** (Aug 6) and **Nagasaki** (Aug 9, 1945) — two Japanese cities hit by US atomic bombs. • **'Little Boy'** dropped on Hiroshima; **'Fat Man'** on Nagasaki — over 1.5 lakh people killed. • Japan surrendered on **August 15, 1945** (V-J Day); officially signed September 2, 1945. • 💡 Tokyo/Osaka/Yokohama/Kyoto were major cities but NOT the atomic bomb targets — Hiroshima and Nagasaki only.
The United Nations was officially established in which year?
Correct Answer: D. 1945
• **United Nations** officially established on **October 24, 1945** — celebrated as UN Day. • UN Charter signed in **San Francisco**; original 51 founding member nations; HQ in New York. • Replaced the **League of Nations** which failed to prevent WWII. • 💡 1919 = League of Nations formed; 1939 = WWII started; 1950 = Korean War — UN founded in 1945 only.
The 'Cold War' was primarily a geopolitical tension between which two powers?
Correct Answer: C. USA and USSR
• **Cold War** = geopolitical tension between **USA** (capitalism) and **USSR** (communism), 1947–1991. • **No direct war** — fought through proxy wars, arms race, space race and ideological propaganda. • Ended with **dissolution of USSR** in December 1991 under Mikhail Gorbachev. • 💡 USSR-Japan = WWII adversaries; UK-Germany = WWI/WWII rivals; USA-China = different rivalry — Cold War was USA vs USSR.
The Cuban Missile Crisis, a direct confrontation between the US and USSR, occurred in:
Correct Answer: A. 1962
• **Cuban Missile Crisis** = 13-day standoff in **October 1962** between USA and USSR over Cuba. • USSR placed nuclear missiles in Cuba; US President **Kennedy** imposed naval blockade on Cuba. • Resolved when USSR removed missiles; USA secretly agreed to remove missiles from **Turkey**. • 💡 1989 = Berlin Wall fell; 1975 = Vietnam War ended; 1950 = Korean War — Cuban crisis was October 1962.
The fall of the Berlin Wall, symbolizing the end of the Cold War, happened in:
Correct Answer: D. 1989
• **Berlin Wall** fell on **November 9, 1989** — symbolic end of the Cold War era. • Wall built in **1961** by East Germany to stop citizens fleeing to West Berlin. • **German reunification** completed on **October 3, 1990** — Germany became one nation again. • 💡 1961 = Wall built (not fell); 1985 = Gorbachev came to power; 1991 = USSR dissolved — Wall fell in 1989.